Abstract
There are a variety of options for making microarrays and obtaining microarray data. Here, we describe the building and use of two microarray facilities in academic settings. In addition to specifying technical detail, we comment on the advantages and disadvantages of components and approaches, and provide a protocol for hybridization. The fact that we are now making and using microarrays to answer biological questions demonstrates that the technology can be implemented in a university environment.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R.W. & Brown, P.O. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270, 467–470 ( 1995).
DeRisi, J. et al. Use of a cDNA microarray to analyze gene expression patterns in human cancer. Nature Genet. 14, 457– 460 (1997).
DeRisi, J.L., Iyer, V.R. & Brown, P.O. Exploring gene expression on a genomic scale. Science 278, 680–686 ( 1997).
Southern, E. Mir, K. & Shchepinov, M. Molecular interactions on microarrays. Nature Genet. 21, 5–9 ( 1999).
Cheung, V.G. et al. Linkage disequilibrium mapping without genotyping. Nature Genet. 18, 225–230 (1998).
Duggan, D.J., Bittner, M., Chen, Y., Meltzer, P. & Trent, J. Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. Nature Genet. 21, 10–14 (1999).
Bowtell, D.L. Options available—from start to finish—for obtaining expression data by microarray. Nature Genet. 21, 25– 32 (1999).
Church, G.M. & Gilbert, W. Genomic sequencing. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 1991– 1995 (1983).
Vollrath, D. & Davis, R.W. Resolution of DNA molecules greater than 5 megabases by contour–clamped homogeneous electric fields. Nucl. Acid Res. 15, 7865–7876 (1987).
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, F. & Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1989).
Casey, J. & Davidson, N. Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high concentrations of formamide. Nucl. Acid Res. 4, 1539– 1545 (1977).
Boguski, M.S. & Schuler, G.D. ESTablishing a human transcript map. Nature Genet. 10, 369– 371 (1995).
Schuler, G.D. et al. A gene map of the human genome. Science 274, 540–546 (1996).
Ermoleava, O. et al. Data management and analysis for gene expression arrays. Nature Genet. 20, 19–23 (1998).
Acknowledgements
The AECOM group is indebted to S. Kneitz, R. Yang, S. Chen and T. Harris for their strenuous efforts towards building our facility. We thank H. Hu, J. Gregg, M. Bittner and P. Brown for stimulating discussions and R. Spielman and A. Bruzel for comments on the manuscript. The work at AECOM was supported by the Human Genetics Program and the Comprehensive Cancer Center at AECOM (NIH CA 13330). Work at the University of Pennsylvania was supported by grants (to V.G.C.) from Merck Genome Research Institute and the NIH (DC00154).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheung, V., Morley, M., Aguilar, F. et al. Making and reading microarrays. Nat Genet 21 (Suppl 1), 15–19 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/4439
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/4439
This article is cited by
-
Applying genomics in regulatory toxicology: a report of the ECETOC workshop on omics threshold on non-adversity
Archives of Toxicology (2023)
-
Genome-wide Identification of DNA-protein Interaction to Reconstruct Bacterial Transcription Regulatory Network
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering (2020)
-
AUCTSP: an improved biomarker gene pair class predictor
BMC Bioinformatics (2018)
-
Detection of Helicobacter Pylori Genome with an Optical Biosensor Based on Hybridization of Urease Gene with a Gold Nanoparticles-Labeled Probe
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy (2016)