Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Letter
  • Published:

Nested chromosomal deletions induced with retroviral vectors in mice

Abstract

Chromosomal deletions, especially nested deletions, are major genetic tools in diploid organisms that facilitate the functional analysis of large chromosomal regions and allow the rapid localization of mutations to specific genetic intervals. In mice, well-characterized overlapping deletions are only available at a few chromosomal loci1,2, partly due to drawbacks of existing methods. Here we exploit the random integration of a retrovirus to generate high-resolution sets of nested deletions around defined loci in embryonic stem (ES) cells, with sizes extending from a few kilobases to several megabases. This approach expands the application of Cre-loxP–based chromosome engineering3 because it not only allows the construction of hundreds of overlapping deletions, but also provides molecular entry points to regions based on the retroviral tags. Our approach can be extended to any region of the mouse genome.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Strategy for generating nested deletions using a retrovirus.
Figure 2: Retrovirus-induced nested deletions at the Hprt locus on the mouse X chromosome.
Figure 3: Retrovirus-induced nested deletion map and a BAC-based physical map on the proximal side of Hsd17b1 locus on mouse chromosome 11.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rinchik, E.M. & Russell, L.B. Germ-line deletion mutations in the mouse: tools for intensive functional and physical mapping of regions of the mammalian genome. in Genome Analysis, Vol. 1 (eds Davies, K.E. & Tilghman, S.M.) 121–159(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, 1990).

  2. Cattanach, B.M., Burtenshaw, M.D., Rasberry, C. & Evans, E.P. Large deletions and other gross forms of chromosome imbalance compatible with viability and fertility in the mouse. Nature Genet. 3, 56–61 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ramirez-Solis, R., Liu, P. & Bradley, A. Chromosome engineering in mice. Nature 378, 720–724 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Abuin, A. & Bradley, A. Recycling selectable markers in mouse embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 1851–1856 (1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Zheng, B., Sage, M., Sheppeard, E.A., Jurecic, V. & Bradley, A. Engineering mouse chromosomes with Cre-loxP: range, efficiency and somatic applications. Mol. Cell. Biol. (in press).

  6. Kushi, A., et al. Generation of mutant mice with large chromosomal deletion by use of irradiated ES cells—analysis of large deletion around hprt locus of ES cell. Mamm. Genome 9, 269 –273 (1998).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Thomas, J.W., LaMantia, C. & Magnuson, T. X-ray-induced mutations in mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 1114– 1119 (1998).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Liu, P., Zhang, H., McLellan, A., Vogel, H. & Bradley, A. Embryonic lethality and tumorigenesis caused by segmental aneuploidy on mouse chromosome 11. Genetics 150, 1155–1168 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. You, Y., et al. Chromosomal deletion complexes in mice by radiation of embryonic stem cells. Nature Genet. 15, 285– 288 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bridges, C.B. Deficiency. Genetics 2, 445– 465 (1917).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Ashburner, M. Drosophila: A Laboratory Manual(Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, 1989).

  12. Holdener-Kenny, B., Sharan, S.K. & Magnuson, T. Mouse albino-deletions: from genetics to genes in development. Bioessays 14, 831–839 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lindsay, E., et al. Congenital heart disease in mice deficient for the DiGeorge syndrome region. Nature 401, 379– 383 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Friedrich, G. & Soriano, P. Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: a genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice. Genes Dev. 5, 1513–1523 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Markowitz, D., Goff, S. & Bank, A. A safe packaging line for gene transfer: separating viral genes on two different plasmids. J. Virol. 62, 1120– 1124 (1988).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Soriano, P., Friedrich, G. & Lawinger, P. Promoter interactions in retrovirus vectors introduced into fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells. J. Virol. 65, 2314–2319 (1991).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Hasty, P., Rivera-Perez, J. & Bradley, A. The length of homology required for gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 5586–5591 (1991)8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang, H., Hasty, P. & Bradley, A. Targeting frequency for deletion vectors in embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 2404– 2410 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Ramirez-Solis, R., Davis, A.C. & Bradley, A. Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Methods Enzymol. 225, 855–878 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dietrich, W., et al. A genetic map of the mouse suitable for typing intraspecific crosses. Genetics 131, 423– 447 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Ochman, H., Gerber, A.S. & Hartl, D.L. Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction. Genetics 120, 621– 623 (1988).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Dalby, B., Pereira, A.J. & Goldstein, L.S. An inverse PCR screen for the detection of P element insertions in cloned genomic intervals in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 139, 757–766 ( 1995).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Cai, W.W., Reneker, J., Chow, C.W., Vaishnav, M. & Bradley, A. An anchored framework BAC map of mouse chromosome 11 assembled using multiplex oligonucleotide hybridization. Genomics 54, 387–397 ( 1998).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Dietrich, W.F. et al. A comprehensive genetic map of the mouse genome. Nature 380, 149–152 ( 1996).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank N. Copeland and N. Jenkins for CAST/Ei mice; P. Liu for Hsd17b1 targeting vectors; W. Cai and J. Li for advice on BAC screening; Y. Cheah for generating chimaeras; S. Perez for preparation of the manuscript; and G. Luo, B. Zheng, P. Biggs, D. Thompson and M. Wentland for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from The National Cancer Institute. X.W. is an Associate and A.B. an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Allan Bradley.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Su, H., Wang, X. & Bradley, A. Nested chromosomal deletions induced with retroviral vectors in mice . Nat Genet 24, 92–95 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/71756

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/71756

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing