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Whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive variant analysis of a Japanese individual using massively parallel sequencing

Nature Genetics volume 42, pages 931–936 (2010)Cite this article

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Abstract

We report the analysis of a Japanese male using high-throughput sequencing to ×40 coverage. More than 99% of the sequence reads were mapped to the reference human genome. Using a Bayesian decision method, we identified 3,132,608 single nucleotide variations (SNVs). Comparison with six previously reported genomes revealed an excess of singleton nonsense and nonsynonymous SNVs, as well as singleton SNVs in conserved non-coding regions. We also identified 5,319 deletions smaller than 10 kb with high accuracy, in addition to copy number variations and rearrangements. De novo assembly of the unmapped sequence reads generated around 3 Mb of novel sequence, which showed high similarity to non-reference human genomes and the human herpesvirus 4 genome. Our analysis suggests that considerable variation remains undiscovered in the human genome and that whole-genome sequencing is an invaluable tool for obtaining a complete understanding of human genetic variation.

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Figure 1: Allelic frequency spectrum of seven genomes.
Figure 2: Distribution of the number of SNVs within 1-Mb windows of seven individuals.
Figure 3: Identification of deletions.
Figure 4: De novo assembly of unmapped reads.

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Acknowledgements

We thank K. Misawa for comments on the manuscript. This study was supported in part by the National Project on 'Next-generation Integrated Living Matter Simulation' of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The super-computing resource was provided by the Human Genome Center, University of Tokyo, Japan (http://sc.hgc.jp/shirokane.html).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.,

    Akihiro Fujimoto, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Naoya Hosono, Kaoru Nakano, Tetsuo Abe, Keith A Boroevich, Michiaki Kubo, Yusuke Nakamura & Tatsuhiko Tsunoda

  2. Data Analysis Fusion Team, Computational Science Research Program, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.,

    Akihiro Fujimoto, Satoru Miyano & Tatsuhiko Tsunoda

  3. Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,

    Masao Nagasaki, Rui Yamaguchi, Tetsuo Shibuya, Satoru Miyano & Yusuke Nakamura

Authors
  1. Akihiro Fujimoto
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  2. Hidewaki Nakagawa
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Contributions

H.N., Y.N., A.F. and T.T. designed the study. A.F., T.A., M.N., K.A.B. and R.Y. performed computational analyses. A.F., T.T., H.N. and K.A.B. wrote the manuscript. K.N. performed sequencing. N.H., A.F. and K.N. performed validation experiments. H.N. and T.T. obtained funding for the study. T.T., H.N., T.S., S.M. and M.K. advised on data analysis.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hidewaki Nakagawa or Tatsuhiko Tsunoda.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Text and Figures

Supplementary Figures 1–24 and Supplementary Tables 1,6–8 (PDF 11217 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

List of non-3n deletions in coding regions (XLSX 59 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

List of deletions detected by distance between paired reads and read depth (XLSX 413 kb)

Supplementary Table 4

List of copy number gains (XLSX 64 kb)

Supplementary Table 5

List of copy number losses (XLSX 54 kb)

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Fujimoto, A., Nakagawa, H., Hosono, N. et al. Whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive variant analysis of a Japanese individual using massively parallel sequencing. Nat Genet 42, 931–936 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.691

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