The whites of a cow's eyes could be a measure of its welfare.
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References
Sandem, A.I., Braastad, B.O. & Boe, K.E. Eye white may indicate emotional state on a frustration-contentedness axis in dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 79, 1 - 10, (2002).
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Westney, C. Cows' eyes betray stress. Nature (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/news020923-16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/news020923-16