This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Jemal A et al. (2005) Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 55: 10–30
Pantuck AJ et al. (2001) The changing natural history of renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 166: 1611–1623
Guinan P et al. (1997) TNM staging of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 3. Union International Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 80: 992–993
Sobin LH (2003) TNM, sixth edition: new developments in general concepts and rules. Semin Surg Oncol 21: 19–22
Zisman A et al. (2001) Reevaluation of the 1997 TNM classification for renal cell carcinoma: T1 and T2 cutoff point at 4.5 rather than 7 cm. better correlates with clinical outcome. J Urol 166: 54–58
Cindolo L et al. (2005) Comparison of predictive accuracy of four prognostic models for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy: a multicenter European study. Cancer 104: 1362–1371
Kim HL et al. (2004) Using protein expressions to predict survival in clear cell renal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 10: 5464–5471
Leppert JT and Pantuck AJ (2006) Significance of gene expression analysis of renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 6: 293–299
Yang JC et al. (2003) A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N Engl J Med 349: 427–434
Motzer RJ et al. (2006) Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 24: 16–24
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leppert, J., Pantuck, A. Determining the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma: is it time for a re-evaluation?. Nat Rev Urol 3, 510–511 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpuro0598
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpuro0598