(a) NRDs between correct and incorrect trials, averaged across the total PRH population and plotted as a function of spatial location. Vertical coloured lines correspond to the spatial decision point (cyan), PNR (blue), reward site (purple) and return to middle (pink). The difference between correct and incorrect trials is rendered in orange when the comparison was made for the preferred (Pref) arm of each cell, and in purple for the non-preferred (NonPref) arm. When all correct trials were split between those made into the preferred versus non-preferred arm (black curve), a high left–right selectivity was found throughout the arm visit. The same held for the incorrect trials (grey curve). (b) Same as a, but now for the identity of the visual cues shown on the screen that were positioned to the left versus right of the animal when its head was oriented forward in the middle lane. Again, no significant difference is observed when visual cue configurations are contrasted within the subset of preferred-arm visits (orange) or the subset of non-preferred arm visits (purple). In contrast, a clear difference between preferred and non-preferred arms is seen both in the subset of trials with configuration 1 (Config 1; black) or that with configuration 2 (Config 2; grey). (c) Same as a, but now for rough versus smooth sandpaper textures, which covered the side walls from the decision point to the PNR. (d) Same as a, but now for normal trials versus memory trials. Horizontal lines below the four curves of each graph indicate statistical significance with respect to all baseline bins (baseline=bins 3–6; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, α=0.01); the colour code of these lines is the same as for the firing-rate difference curves (no significant effects were found for comparisons within the same arm type).