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Trade-off between intensity and frequency of global tropical cyclones

Nature Climate Change volume 5, pages 661–664 (2015)Cite this article

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Abstract

Global tropical cyclone climate has been investigated with indicators of frequency, intensity1 and activity2,3. However, a full understanding of global warming’s influence on tropical cyclone climate remains elusive because of the incomplete nature of these indicators. Here we form a complete three-dimensional variability space of tropical cyclone climate where the variabilities are continuously linked and find that global ocean warmth best explains the out-of-phase relationship between intensity and frequency of global tropical cyclones. In a year with greater ocean warmth, the tropical troposphere is capped by higher pressure anomaly in the middle and upper troposphere even with higher moist static energy anomaly in the lower troposphere, which is thought to inhibit overall tropical cyclone occurrences but lead to greater intensities. A statistical consequence is the trade-off between intensity and frequency. We calculate an average increase in global tropical cyclone intensity of 1.3 m s−1 over the past 30 years of ocean warming occurring at the expense of 6.1 tropical cyclones worldwide.

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Figure 1: Schematic of a three-dimensional variability space.
Figure 2: Projection length of TC climate framework onto environmental framework.
Figure 3: Correlation profiles.
Figure 4: Influence of global ocean warming on the trade-off between intensity and frequency of global tropical cyclones.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute at the Florida State University (contribution number 471).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA

    Nam-Young Kang & James B. Elsner

  2. Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156720, South Korea

    Nam-Young Kang

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  1. Nam-Young Kang
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  2. James B. Elsner
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Authors contributed equally to planning, experiment, analysis and writing, with N-Y.K. being the lead author.

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Correspondence to Nam-Young Kang.

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Kang, NY., Elsner, J. Trade-off between intensity and frequency of global tropical cyclones. Nature Clim Change 5, 661–664 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2646

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