Policymakers are in a tangle over how to account for the higher 'well-to-wheel' emissions of fuel extracted from sand, Sonja van Renssen reports.
Access options
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
$209.00
only $17.42 per issue
All prices are NET prices.
VAT will be added later in the checkout.
Rent or Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
from$8.99
All prices are NET prices.

References
- 1
Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009; available via http://go.nature.com/2GNyzN.
- 2
International Energy Agency Energy Technology Perspectives 2010: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050 (OECD/IEA, 2010); available via http://go.nature.com/cF1UtU.
- 3
Brandt, A. R. Upstream Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Canadian Oil Sands as a Feedstock for European Refineries (Stanford, 2011); available via http://go.nature.com/B3BjyE.
- 4
Burkhard, J., Forrest, J. & Gross, S. Oil Sands, Greenhouse Gases, and European Oil Supply: Getting the Numbers Right (IHS CERA, 2011).
- 5
Dings, J. (ed.) CO2 Emissions from Transport in the EU27: An Analysis of 2008 Data Submitted to the UNFCCC (European Federation for Transport and Environment, 2010); available via http://go.nature.com/TWIchV.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
What's in a name?. Nature Clim Change 1, 241–242 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1180
Published:
Issue Date: