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Tolerance limit for fish growth exceeded by warming waters

Nature Climate Change volume 1, pages 110–113 (2011)Cite this article

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Abstract

Climate change can affect organisms both directly, by affecting their physiology, growth, and behaviour1, and indirectly, for example through effects on ecosystem structure and function1,2. For ectotherms, or ‘cold-blooded’ animals, warming will directly affect their metabolism, with growth rates in temperate species predicted to increase initially as temperatures rise, but then decline as individuals struggle to maintain cardiac function and respiration in the face of increased metabolic demands3,4. We provide evidence consistent with this prediction for a marine fish (Cheilodactylus spectabilis) in the Tasman Sea; one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Southern Hemisphere ocean5. We estimated changes in the species’ growth rate over a 90-year period using otoliths—bony structures that fish use for orientation and detection of movement—and compared these changes to temperature trends across the species’ distribution. Increasing temperatures coincide with increased growth for populations in the middle of the species range, but with reduced growth for those at the warm northern edge of the species’ distribution, indicating that temperatures may have already reached levels associated with increased metabolic costs. If warming continues, the direct metabolic effects of increasing temperatures on this species may lead to declining productivity and range contraction.

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Figure 1: Theorized and measured effects of temperature on growth.
Figure 2: Otolith radius as a function of fish size.
Figure 3: Preliminary estimates of temperature effects on swimming activity in banded morwong.

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Acknowledgements

We thank K. Clements and all who participated in the otolith collection supporting this study. We thank H. Choat, M. McCormick, and T. Stokie for sharing otolith samples. We thank J. McAllister, G. Ewing, S. Robertson, A. Hobday, P. Last and T. Mosgaard for discussions and guidance. We thank D. Webber, P. Frappell and J. Hagg for assistance with the activity experiments. This work was supported by the CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship Program, an Endeavour Awards Fellowship to A.B.N. and a Winnifred Violet Scott Trust Grant to J.M.S.

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Author notes

  1. A. B. Neuheimer

    Present address: Present address: Marine Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Bygning 1135, Ole Worms allé 1, 8000 Århus C, Denmark,

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) Climate Adaptation Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, GPO Box 1538, Australia

    A. B. Neuheimer & R. E. Thresher

  2. Fisheries, Aquaculture and Coasts Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

    J. M. Lyle & J. M. Semmens

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  2. R. E. Thresher
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  3. J. M. Lyle
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  4. J. M. Semmens
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the design of the study. A.B.N. prepared (where necessary), aged and measured all otoliths, and analysed resulting growth increment and temperature data. J.M.S. designed, implemented and analysed the activity experiments. A.B.N. prepared the manuscript. R.E.T., J.M.L. and J.M.S. edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to A. B. Neuheimer.

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Neuheimer, A., Thresher, R., Lyle, J. et al. Tolerance limit for fish growth exceeded by warming waters. Nature Clim Change 1, 110–113 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1084

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