In most archaea, the enzyme TiaS post-transcriptionally modifies a cytidine in the anticodon of tRNAIle, converting it to agmatidine (agm2C or C+). This unique nucleoside allows translation at the AUA isoleucine codon and prevents misreading of the AUG methionine codon.
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Hendrickson, T. An archaeal path to literacy. Nat Chem Biol 6, 248–249 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.335
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.335
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