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Building an appropriate active-site motif into a hydrogen-evolution catalyst with thiomolybdate [Mo3S13]2− clusters

Nature Chemistry volume 6, pages 248–253 (2014)Cite this article

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Abstract

Identifying and understanding the active sites responsible for reaction turnover is critical to developing improved catalysts. For the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), MoS2 has been identified as an active non-noble-metal-based catalyst. However, only edge sites turnover the reaction because the basal planes are catalytically inert. In an effort to develop a scalable HER catalyst with an increased number of active sites, herein we report a Mo–S catalyst (supported thiomolybdate [Mo3S13]2− nanoclusters) in which most sulfur atoms in the structure exhibit a structural motif similar to that observed at MoS2 edges. Supported sub-monolayers of [Mo3S13]2− nanoclusters exhibited excellent HER activity and stability in acid. Imaging at the atomic scale with scanning tunnelling microscopy allowed for direct characterization of these supported catalysts. The [Mo3S13]2− nanoclusters reported herein demonstrated excellent turnover frequencies, higher than those observed for other non-precious metal catalysts synthesized by a scalable route.

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Figure 1: Structure of [Mo3S13]2−.
Figure 2: Atom-resolved STM.
Figure 3: XPS spectra and fitted peaks of sub-monolayer [Mo3S13]2− clusters on HOPG.
Figure 4: HER activity of [Mo3S13]2− clusters.

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Acknowledgements

J.K. gratefully acknowledges the Carlsberg Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. J.K. and T.F.J. acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0008685. We thank Z. Chen for helpful discussion and A. V. Malkovskiy for assistance with Raman spectroscopy measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark

    Jakob Kibsgaard & Flemming Besenbacher

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Jakob Kibsgaard & Thomas F. Jaramillo

Authors
  1. Jakob Kibsgaard
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  3. Flemming Besenbacher
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J.K. conceived the studies and performed the experimental work. J.K., T.F.J. and F.B. conducted data analysis and co-wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to Flemming Besenbacher.

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Kibsgaard, J., Jaramillo, T. & Besenbacher, F. Building an appropriate active-site motif into a hydrogen-evolution catalyst with thiomolybdate [Mo3S13]2− clusters. Nature Chem 6, 248–253 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1853

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