Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Negative feedback at kinetochores underlies a responsive spindle checkpoint signal

Nature Cell Biology volume 16, pages 1257–1264 (2014)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Kinetochores are specialized multi-protein complexes that play a crucial role in maintaining genome stability1. They bridge attachments between chromosomes and microtubules during mitosis and they activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to arrest division until all chromosomes are attached2. Kinetochores are able to efficiently integrate these two processes because they can rapidly respond to changes in microtubule occupancy by switching localized SAC signalling ON or OFF2,3,4. We show that this responsiveness arises because the SAC primes kinetochore phosphatases to induce negative feedback and silence its own signal. Active SAC signalling recruits PP2A-B56 to kinetochores where it antagonizes Aurora B to promote PP1 recruitment. PP1 in turn silences the SAC and delocalizes PP2A-B56. Preventing or bypassing key regulatory steps demonstrates that this spatiotemporal control of phosphatase feedback underlies rapid signal switching at the kinetochore by: allowing the SAC to quickly transition to the ON state in the absence of antagonizing phosphatase activity; and ensuring phosphatases are then primed to rapidly switch the SAC signal OFF when kinetochore kinase activities are diminished by force-producing microtubule attachments.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

from$1.95

to$39.95

Learn more

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Kinetochore PP2A-B56 is required for SAC silencing.
Figure 2: PP2A-B56 regulates the kinetochore-recruitment of PP1 to control SAC silencing.
Figure 3: PP1 controls silencing of the SAC signal and removal of kinetochore PP2A-B56.
Figure 4: Lack of phosphatase feedback during prophase allows rapid initiation of the SAC signal.
Figure 5: The priming of phosphatase-mediated feedback in prometaphase allows rapid SAC silencing.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Santaguida, S. & Musacchio, A. The life and miracles of kinetochores. EMBO J. 28, 2511–2531 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Foley, E. A. & Kapoor, T. M. Microtubule attachment and spindle assembly checkpoint signalling at the kinetochore. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 25–37 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kops, G. J. & Shah, J. V. Connecting up and clearing out: how kinetochore attachment silences the spindle assembly checkpoint. Chromosoma 121, 509–525 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Funabiki, H. & Wynne, D. J. Making an effective switch at the kinetochore by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Chromosoma 122, 135–158 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bomont, P., Maddox, P., Shah, J. V., Desai, A. B. & Cleveland, D. W. Unstable microtubule capture at kinetochores depleted of the centromere-associated protein CENP-F. EMBO J. 24, 3927–3939 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dick, A. E. & Gerlich, D. W. Kinetic framework of spindle assembly checkpoint signalling. Nat. Cell Biol. 15, 1370–1377 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Santaguida, S., Tighe, A., D’Alise, A. M., Taylor, S. S. & Musacchio, A. Dissecting the role of MPS1 in chromosome biorientation and the spindle checkpoint through the small molecule inhibitor reversine. J. Cell Biol. 190, 73–87 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Espeut, J., Cheerambathur, D. K., Krenning, L., Oegema, K. & Desai, A. Microtubule binding by KNL-1 contributes to spindle checkpoint silencing at the kinetochore. J. Cell Biol. 196, 469–482 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Vanoosthuyse, V. & Hardwick, K. G. A novel protein phosphatase 1-dependent spindle checkpoint silencing mechanism. Curr. Biol. 19, 1176–1181 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Meadows, J. C. et al. Spindle checkpoint silencing requires association of PP1 to both Spc7 and kinesin-8 motors. Dev. Cell 20, 739–750 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rosenberg, J. S., Cross, F. R. & Funabiki, H. KNL1/Spc105 recruits PP1 to silence the spindle assembly checkpoint. Curr. Biol. 21, 942–947 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pinsky, B. A., Nelson, C. R. & Biggins, S. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates exit from the spindle checkpoint in budding yeast. Curr. Biol. 19, 1182–1187 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gutierrez-Caballero, C., Cebollero, L. R. & Pendas, A. M. Shugoshins: from protectors of cohesion to versatile adaptors at the centromere. Trends Genet. 28, 351–360 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Foley, E. A., Maldonado, M. & Kapoor, T. M. Formation of stable attachments between kinetochores and microtubules depends on the B56-PP2A phosphatase. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 1265–1271 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Xu, P., Virshup, D. M. & Lee, S. H. B56-PP2A regulates motor dynamics for mitotic chromosome alignment. J. Cell Sci. (2014)10.1242/jcs.154609

  16. Akopyan, K. et al. Assessing kinetics from fixed cells reveals activation of the mitotic entry network at the S/G2 transition. Mol. Cell 53, 843–853 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Suijkerbuijk, S. J., Vleugel, M., Teixeira, A. & Kops, G. J. Integration of kinase and phosphatase activities by BUBR1 ensures formation of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Dev. Cell 23, 745–755 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kruse, T. et al. Direct binding between BubR1 and B56-PP2A phosphatase complexes regulate mitotic progression. J. Cell Sci. 126, 1086–1092 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Xu, P., Raetz, E. A., Kitagawa, M., Virshup, D. M. & Lee, S. H. BUBR1 recruits PP2A via the B56 family of targeting subunits to promote chromosome congression. Biol. Open 2, 479–486 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hewitt, L. et al. Sustained Mps1 activity is required in mitosis to recruit O-Mad2 to the Mad1-C-Mad2 core complex. J. Cell Biol. 190, 25–34 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu, D. et al. Regulated targeting of protein phosphatase 1 to the outer kinetochore by KNL1 opposes Aurora B kinase. J. Cell Biol. 188, 809–820 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Vleugel, M. et al. Arrayed BUB recruitment modules in the kinetochore scaffold KNL1 promote accurate chromosome segregation. J. Cell Biol. 203, 943–955 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Primorac, I. et al. Bub3 reads phosphorylated MELT repeats to promote spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. eLife 2, e01030 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang, G., Lischetti, T. & Nilsson, J. A minimal number of MELT repeats supports all the functions of KNL1 in chromosome segregation. J. Cell Sci. 127, 871–884 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yamagishi, Y., Yang, C. H., Tanno, Y. & Watanabe, Y. MPS1/Mph1 phosphorylates the kinetochore protein KNL1/Spc7 to recruit SAC components. Nat. Cell Biol. 14, 746–752 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. London, N., Ceto, S., Ranish, J. A. & Biggins, S. Phosphoregulation of Spc105 by Mps1 and PP1 regulates Bub1 localization to kinetochores. Curr. Biol. 22, 900–906 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shepperd, L. A. et al. Phosphodependent recruitment of Bub1 and Bub3 to Spc7/KNL1 by Mph1 kinase maintains the spindle checkpoint. Curr. Biol. 22, 891–899 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Krenn, V., Overlack, K., Primorac, I., van Gerwen, S. & Musacchio, A. KI motifs of human Knl1 enhance assembly of comprehensive spindle checkpoint complexes around MELT repeats. Curr. Biol. 24, 29–39 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Posch, M. et al. Sds22 regulates aurora B activity and microtubule-kinetochore interactions at mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 191, 61–74 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Espert, A. et al. PP2A-B56 opposes Mps1 phosphorylation of Knl1 and thereby promotes spindle assembly checkpoint silencing. J. Cell Biol. 206, 833–842 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bollen, M., Peti, W., Ragusa, M. J. & Beullens, M. The extended PP1 toolkit: designed to create specificity. Trends Biochem. Sci. 35, 450–458 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Barr, F. A., Elliott, P. R. & Gruneberg, U. Protein phosphatases and the regulation of mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 124, 2323–2334 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu, D., Vader, G., Vromans, M. J., Lampson, M. A. & Lens, S. M. Sensing chromosome bi-orientation by spatial separation of aurora B kinase from kinetochore substrates. Science 323, 1350–1353 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nijenhuis, W. et al. A TPR domain-containing N-terminal module of MPS1 is required for its kinetochore localization by Aurora B. J. Cell Biol. 201, 217–231 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Santaguida, S., Vernieri, C., Villa, F., Ciliberto, A. & Musacchio, A. Evidence that Aurora B is implicated in spindle checkpoint signalling independently of error correction. EMBO J. 30, 1508–1519 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pines, J. Cubism and the cell cycle: the many faces of the APC/C. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 427–438 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Morin, V. et al. CDK-dependent potentiation of MPS1 kinase activity is essential to the mitotic checkpoint. Curr. Biol. 22, 289–295 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D’Angiolella, V., Mari, C., Nocera, D., Rametti, L. & Grieco, D. The spindle checkpoint requires cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Genes Dev. 17, 2520–2525 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Vazquez-Novelle, M. D. et al. Cdk1 inactivation terminates mitotic checkpoint surveillance and stabilizes kinetochore attachments in anaphase. Curr. Biol. 24, 638–645 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Welburn, J. P. et al. Aurora B phosphorylates spatially distinct targets to differentially regulate the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Mol. Cell 38, 383–392 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gascoigne, K. E. et al. Induced ectopic kinetochore assembly bypasses the requirement for CENP-A nucleosomes. Cell 145, 410–422 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Saurin, A. T., van der Waal, M. S., Medema, R. H., Lens, S. M. & Kops, G. J. Aurora B potentiates Mps1 activation to ensure rapid checkpoint establishment at the onset of mitosis. Nat. Commun. 2, 316 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank M. Vleugel and M. Omerzu for help with the pMELT-KNL1 antibody, and I. Cheeseman (Whitehead Institute, USA), A. Musacchio (MPI-Dortmund, Germany), A. de Antoni (IFOM, Italy), P. Parker (CRUK London Research Institute, UK) and S. Taylor (University of Manchester, UK) for reagents. We thank the Kops, Lens, Saurin, Swedlow and Griffis laboratories for discussions. This work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC-StG KINSIGN to G.J.P.L.K.), by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-Vici 865.12.004 to G.J.P.L.K.), by the KWF Kankerbestrijding (UU-2012-5427 to G.J.P.L.K.), by TiPharma (T3-503 to G.J.P.L.K.) and by financial support to A.T.S. (from the Ninewells Cancer Campaign, Leng Charitable Trust and Tenovus Scotland Tayside).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Geert J. P. L. Kops and Adrian T. Saurin: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Wilco Nijenhuis, Antoinette Teixeira & Geert J. P. L. Kops

  2. Molecular Cancer Research, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Wilco Nijenhuis, Antoinette Teixeira & Geert J. P. L. Kops

  3. Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Wilco Nijenhuis, Antoinette Teixeira & Geert J. P. L. Kops

  4. Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK

    Giulia Vallardi & Adrian T. Saurin

  5. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Geert J. P. L. Kops

Authors
  1. Wilco Nijenhuis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giulia Vallardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antoinette Teixeira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Geert J. P. L. Kops
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Adrian T. Saurin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

W.N., G.J.P.L.K. and A.T.S. conceived the study, designed experiments and interpreted data. W.N., G.V., A.T. and A.T.S. performed experiments. G.J.P.L.K. and A.T.S. wrote the manuscript, with input from W.N.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Geert J. P. L. Kops or Adrian T. Saurin.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Integrated supplementary information

Supplementary Figure 1 Kinetochore PP2A-B56 promotes SAC silencing following MPS1 inhibition.

(a) Representative images of HA-B56 isoform localisation in nocodazole-arrested mitotic cells. (b) Immunoblot of whole cell lysates from nocodazole-arrested LAP-BUBR1WT or LAP-BUBR1ΔKARD cells two days after doxycycline addition (Methods), which is representative of 2 independent experiments. (c) Representative images and (d) quantifications of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens from nocodazole-arrested LAP-BUBR1WT or LAP-BUBR1ΔKARD-expressing cells. (e) Line plots displaying mean intensities (±SEM) of indicated antigens from 30 kinetochore pairs from 6 cells, which is representative of 2 independent experiments. (f) Time-lapse analysis of duration of mitotic arrest in nocodazole-treated LAP-BUBR1WT or LAP-BUBR1ΔKARD-expressing cells that entered mitosis in the presence of the MPS1 inhibitor AZ-3146 (2.5 μM). (g–j) Time-lapse analysis as in (f), except cells, additionally transfected with mock or PP2A-B56 siRNA, entered mitosis in the presence of the indicated concentrations of either reversine or AZ-3146. (k) Representative images and quantification of relative kinetochore intensity of SGO1 in nocodazole-arrested Flp-in HeLa treated with mock or SGO1 siRNA. Images show centromeric B56α depletion and premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion following SGO1 depletion. (l,m) Time-lapse analysis of duration of mitotic arrest in Flp-in HeLa cells transfected with mock or SGO1 siRNA in the absence (g) or presence (h) of nocodazole and reversine (500 nM). Kinetochore intensities are relative to LAP-BUBR1WT (d) or mock treated Flp-in HeLa (k) cells, and at least 10 cells were quantified for each condition per experiment. Quantifications show the mean data (±SD) from 3 (d) or 5 (k) independent experiments (Supplementary Table 2). Asterisks indicate significance (Student t-test, unpaired). ∗∗∗∗:p < 0.0001. Insets display magnifications of the boxed regions. Bars, 5 μm.

Supplementary Figure 2 Characterisation of KNL1 antibodies and cell lines used in this study.

(a) Representative images and (b–d) quantification of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens in nocodazole-arrested Flp-in HeLa cells transfected with mock or PP2A-B56 siRNA (b), or with KNL1 siRNA and induced to express LAP-KNL1WT or LAP-KNL12SA (c,d). (e) KNL1, GFP, Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 (TFR1) immunoblot of whole-cell lysates from nocodazole-arrested Flp-in HeLa cells transfected with mock or KNL1 siRNA and induced to express the indicated LAP-KNL1 mutants. Boxes on left show molecular mass standard. Mw, molecular weight. Westerns are representative of 2 independent experiments. (f) Quantification of relative kinetochore intensities of LAP-KNL1 in nocodazole-arrested Flp-in HeLa cells expressing KNL1WT or indicated KNL1 mutants. Insets display magnifications of the boxed regions. Bar graphs display mean fold-change in kinetochore intensities (±SD) relative to mock transfected (b) or LAP-KNL1WT cells (c,d,f), from 3 (c,d), 4 (b), or 7 (f) independent experiments with at least 10 cells quantified for each condition per experiment (Supplementary Table 2). Asterisks indicate significance (Student t-test, unpaired). NS: not significant, ∗:p < 0.05,∗∗∗∗:p < 0.0001. DNA (DAPI) is shown in blue. Bars, 5 μm.

Supplementary Figure 3 Aurora B activity and KNL1-PP1 interaction controls SAC silencing downstream of PP2A-B56.

(a–f) Time-lapse analysis of duration of mitotic arrest in nocodazole-treated Flp-in HeLa cells transfected with mock siRNA (a,c), PP2A-B56 siRNA (b,d), or expressing LAP-BUBR1WT (e) or LAP-BUBR1ΔKARD (f). Cells entered mitosis in the presence of DMSO, reversine (125–500 nM), AZ-3146 (2.5–0.63 μM), and ZM-447439 (2 μM), as indicated. (g) MAD2, CDC20, Tubulin and BUBR1 immunoblots (IB) of whole-cell lysates and CDC20 immunoblots of immunopurified (IP) MAD2 from mitotic Flp-in HeLa cells transfected with KNL1 siRNA and expressing the indicated LAP-KNL1 mutants. Nocodazole-arrested cells were treated with MG132 and DMSO or reversine (500 nM). Band intensity of CDC20 in MAD2 IPs is indicated. Boxes on left show molecular mass standard. Mw, molecular weight. Westerns are representative of 3 independent experiments. (h) Time-lapse analysis of duration of mitotic arrest in nocodazole-treated Flp-in HeLa cells transfected with KNL1 siRNA and expressing the indicated LAP-KNL1 constructs. Cells entered mitosis in the presence of 500 nM of reversine. Cells were additionally transfected with mock, MAD2 or BUBR1 siRNAs. Graphs show cumulative data from 50 cells per treatment from one experiment, which is representative of 2 independent experiments.

Supplementary Figure 4 Kinetochore PP1 antagonises SAC protein accumulation at kinetochores without affecting kinetochore kinase activity.

(a) Quantification of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens from nocodazole-treated Flp-in HeLa cells expressing BUBR1WT or BUBR1ΔKARD. (b) Quantification of chromosomal alignment in Flp-in HeLa cells expressing LAP-KNL1WT or LAP-KNL12A and transfected with mock or PP2A-B56 siRNA. At least 100 cells were quantified for each condition per experiment and data is the mean of 3 independent experiments (Supplementary Table 2). (c) Quantification of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens from nocodazole-treated Flp-in HeLa cells expressing LAP-KNL1WT or LAP-KNL12SA and treated with mock or B56 siRNA, as indicated. (d) GST and p-MELT immunoblots of purified GST-KNL1-M3 or GST-KNL1-A3 incubated in a kinase reaction −/+ MPS1 for 60 mins to phosphorylate the MELT motifs. KNL1-M3 contains a KNL1818−1051 fragment that incorporates 3 MELT motifs and the A3 version is the same fragment but with critical residues in each MELT motif mutated to alanine22. Westerns are representative of 2 independent experiments. (e–j) Representative images (e,g,i) and quantification (f,h,j) of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens from nocodazole-treated Flp-in HeLa cells expressing various LAP-KNL1 mutants and treated with nocodazole, DMSO, reversine (500 nM) or MG132, as indicated. (k,l) Representative images of indicated antigens on metaphase aligned kinetochores in Flp-in HeLa cells expressing various LAP-KNL1 mutants. (m) Quantification of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens from nocodazole-treated Flp-in HeLa cells expressing various KNL1 mutants. The p-Aurora B (Thr232) and p-MPS1 (Thr676) antibodies are directed against the activation loop phosphorylation sites. Only early prometaphase cells were characterised for p-MPS1 (Thr676) antibody, for reasons stated previously40. The p-CENP-T (Ser47) site is a characterised kinetochore CDK1 substrate41. All kinetochore intensities are relative to the untreated wild type controls in each experiment. At least 10 cells were quantified for each condition per experiment and quantifications show the mean data (±SD) from 3 (a,f,j,m), 4 (c) or 5 (h) independent experiments (see Supplementary Table 2). DNA (DAPI) is shown in blue. Insets are magnifications of the boxed regions. Asterisks indicate significance (Student t-test, unpaired). NS: not significant, ∗:p < 0.05,∗∗:p < 0.01,∗∗∗:p < 0.001,∗∗∗∗:p < 0.0001. Bars, 5 μm.

Supplementary Figure 5 Negative feedback and SAC silencing is unaffected by high nocodazole or SGO1 depletion.

(a,b) Quantifications of relative kinetochore intensities of indicated antigens from Flp-in HeLa cells (a), LAP-BUBR1WT or LAP-BUBR1ΔKARD-expressing cells (b) treated with a high dose of nocodazole (3.3 μM)35. Different mitotic phases where determined by nuclear morphology; Prophase (Pro), early mitosis (EM; defined as dispersed lightly condensed chromatin) and late mitosis (LM; highly condensed chromatin balls typical of nocodazole-arrested cells). Insets display magnifications of the boxed regions. All kinetochore intensities are relative to the maximum signal in each experiment, except in b, which are relative to the prophase signal in LAP-BUBR1WT cells. The bar graphs show the mean data (±SD) from at least 10 cells for each condition from 1 experiment, which is representative of 2 experiments. (c) Quantification of relative LAP-BUBR1 kinetochore intensities from time-lapse images of LAP-BUBR1WT cells transfected with mock or SGO1 siRNA arrested in prometaphase with nocodazole and MG132, prior to treatment with reversine (1 μM) and ZM-447439 (2 μM) for the indicated times. At least 15 cells were quantified for each cell line per experiment and quantifications show the mean data (±SD), relative to the 0 min timepoint, from 3 independent experiments. Bars, 5 μm.

Supplementary Figure 6 Full scans of all western blot images.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Information (PDF 2447 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

Supplementary Information (XLSX 30 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Supplementary Information (XLSX 79 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nijenhuis, W., Vallardi, G., Teixeira, A. et al. Negative feedback at kinetochores underlies a responsive spindle checkpoint signal. Nat Cell Biol 16, 1257–1264 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3065

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3065

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing