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Large-scale genotyping of complex DNA

Nature Biotechnology volume 21, pages 1233–1237 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Genetic studies aimed at understanding the molecular basis of complex human phenotypes require the genotyping of many thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across large numbers of individuals1. Public efforts have so far identified over two million common human SNPs2; however, the scoring of these SNPs is labor-intensive and requires a substantial amount of automation. Here we describe a simple but effective approach, termed whole-genome sampling analysis (WGSA), for genotyping thousands of SNPs simultaneously in a complex DNA sample without locus-specific primers or automation. Our method amplifies highly reproducible fractions of the genome across multiple DNA samples and calls genotypes at >99% accuracy. We rapidly genotyped 14,548 SNPs in three different human populations and identified a subset of them with significant allele frequency differences between groups. We also determined the ancestral allele for 8,386 SNPs by genotyping chimpanzee and gorilla DNA. WGSA is highly scaleable and enables the creation of ultrahigh density SNP maps for use in genetic studies.

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Figure 1: Fragment selection by PCR (FSP).
Figure 2: Hybridized chip images.
Figure 3: Effect of complexity on call rate and concordance.
Figure 4: Percentage ancestral allele as a function of allele frequency in three populations.

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Acknowledgements

We thank David Altshuler, Eric Lander, Thomas Gingeras, Richard Rava, Michael Shapero and Jon McAuliffe for helpful suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Xing Su

    Present address: Biotechnology Research Group, Intel Corporation, 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, California, 95054, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Affymetrix, 3380 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, 95051, California, USA

    Giulia C Kennedy, Hajime Matsuzaki, Shoulian Dong, Wei-min Liu, Jing Huang, Guoying Liu, Xing Su, Manqiu Cao, Wenwei Chen, Jane Zhang, Weiwei Liu, Geoffrey Yang, Xiaojun Di, Thomas Ryder, Zhijun He, Stephen PA Fodor & Keith W Jones

  2. Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Magee Women's Hospital, 300 Halket St., Pittsburgh, 15213-3180, Pennsylvania, USA

    Urvashi Surti

  3. Orchid BioSciences, Inc., 303 College Road East, Princeton, 08540, New Jersey, USA

    Michael S Phillips & Michael T Boyce-Jacino

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Correspondence to Giulia C Kennedy.

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Competing interests

G.C.K., H.M., S.D., W.-M.L., J.H., G.L., X.S., M.C., W.C., J.Z., W.L., G.Y., X.D., T.R., Z.H., S.P.A.F. & K.W.J. are or were employed by Affymetrix, a commercial entity that manufactures and sells synthetic DNA microarrays based on the technology described in this paper.

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Kennedy, G., Matsuzaki, H., Dong, S. et al. Large-scale genotyping of complex DNA. Nat Biotechnol 21, 1233–1237 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt869

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