A divided Federal Circuit upholds the Patent Office's Utility Guidelines and finds that ESTs provide too little real world utility to be patented.
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References
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Shreeve, J. The Genome War, p. 85 (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2004).
The first patent based upon ESTs was granted to Incyte Genomics in 1998. See Patenting ESTs: Is it worth it? Nat. Genet. 21, 145–146 (1999).
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USPTO. Revised Interim Utility Guidelines Training Materials (USPTO, Washington, DC, 1999). http://www.uspto.gov/web/menu/utility.pdf. Example 9 is titled “DNA Fragments.”
Letter of Bruce Alberts to Q. Todd Dickinson, dated March 22, 2000. http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/comments/utilguide/nas.pdf.
USPTO. Utility Examination Guidelines, 66 FR 1092 (USPTO, Washington, DC, Jan. 5, 2001).
An invention is obvious in the US (and thus not patentable) if the differences between it and what is known in the art are such that the invention would be obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent field. The “inventive step” requirement is a similar mandate for patenting outside of the US.
Acknowledgements
Three amicus curiae briefs were filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit supporting the PTO. The Association of American Medical Colleges, the National Academy of Sciences, Dow AgroSciences, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, and the American College of Medical Genetics joined Eli Lilly and Company (written by P.K.D., J.J.K. and S.P.C.) to file one brief. Genentech and Affymetrix each filed separate briefs.
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Davis, P., Kelley, J., Caltrider, S. et al. ESTs stumble at the utility threshold. Nat Biotechnol 23, 1227–1229 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1005-1227
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1005-1227
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