Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review Article
  • Published:

Entrapment Vectors: A New Tool for Mammalian Genetics

Bio/Technology volume 8, pages 827–831 (1990)Cite this article

Abstract

The use of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells has facilitated the creation of mouse strains carrying desired genetic alterations. Recently, “entrapment” vectors have been developed to identify and mutate genes active during embryogenesis. These vectors in combination with ES cells may provide an efficient screening strategy to find genes that control mouse development.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Robertson, E.J. 1986. Pluripotential stem cell lines as a route into the mouse germ line. Trends Genet. 2: 9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Capecchi, M.R. 1989. Altering the genome by homologous recombination. Science 244: 1288–1292.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Schwartzberg, P.L., Goff, S.P. and Robertson, E.J. 1989. Germ-line transmission of a c-abl mutation produced by targeted gene disruption in ES cells. Science 246: 799–803.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zijlstra, M., Bix, M., Simister, N.E., Loring, J.M., Raulet, D.H. and Jaenisch, R. 1990. β2-microglobulin deficient mice lack CD4-8+ cytolytic T cells. Nature 344: 742–746.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. DeChiara, T.M., Efstratiadis, A. and Robertson, E.J. 1990. A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature 345: 78–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Allen, N.D., Cran, D.G., Barton, S.C., Hettle, S., Reik, W. and Surani, M.A. 1988. Transgenes as probes for active chromosomal domains in mouse development. Nature 333: 852–855.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gossler, A., Joyner, A.L., Rossant, J. and Skarnes, W.C. 1989. Mouse embryonic stem cells and reporter constructs to detect developmentally regulated genes. Science 244: 463–465.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Casadaban, M.J. and Cohen, S.N. 1979. Lactose genes fused to exogenous promoters in one step using a Mu-lac bacteriophage: In vivo probe for transcriptional control sequences. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 4530–4533.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Casadaban, M.J., Chou, J. and Cohen, S.N. 1980. In vitro gene fusions that join an enzymatically active β-galactosidase segment to amino-terminal fragments of exogenous proteins: Escherichia coli plasmid vectors for the detection and cloning of translational initiation signals. J. Bacteriol. 143: 971–980.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Brenner, D.G., Lin-Chao, S. and Cohen, S.N. 1989. Analysis of mammalian cell genetic regulation in situ by using retrovirus-derived “portable exons” carrying the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA 86: 5517–5521.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Chu, G. and Sharp, P.A. 1981. A gene chimaera of SV40 and mouse β-globin is transcribed and properly spliced. Nature 289: 378–382.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fried, M., Griffiths, M., Davies, B., Bjursell, G., La Mantia, G. and Lania, L. 1983. Isolation of cellular DNA sequences that allow expression of adjacent genes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 2117–2121.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Weber, D.M., de Villiers, J. and Schaffner, W. 1984. An SV40 “enhancer trap” incorporates exogenous enhancers or generates enhancers from its own sequences. Cell 36: 983–992.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hamada, H. 1986. Activation of an enhancerless gene by chromosomal integration. Mol. Cell Biol. 6: 4179–4184.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Hamada, H. 1986. Random isolation of gene activator elements from human genome. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6: 4185–4194.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Bhat, K., McBurney, M.W. and Hamada, H. 1988. Functional cloning of mouse chromosomal loci specifically active in embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8: 3251–3259.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. O'Kane, C.J. and Gehring, W.J. 1987. Detection in situ of genomic regulatory elements in Drosophila. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 9123–9127.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Fasano, L. and Kerridge, S. 1988. Monitoring positional information during oogenesis in adult Drosophila. Development 104: 245–253.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bier, E., Vaessin, H., Shepherd, S., Lee, K., McCall, K., Barbel, S., Ackerman, L., Carretto, R., Uemura, T., Grell, E., Jan, L.Y. and Jan, Y.N. 1989. Searching for pattern and mutation in the Drosophila genome with a P-lacZ vector. Genes Dev. 3: 1273–1287.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bellen, H.J., O'Kane, C.J., Wilson, C., Grossniklaus, U., Pearson, R.K. and Gehring, W.J. 1989. P-element-mediated enhancer detection: a versatile method to study development in Drosophila. Genes. Dev. 3: 1288–1300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wilson, C., Pearson, R.K., Bellen, H.J., O'Kane, C.J., Grossniklaus, U. and Gehring, W.J. 1989. P-element-mediated enhancer detection:an efficient method for isolating and characterizing developmentally regulated genes in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 3: 1301–1313.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fasano, L., Core, N. and Kerridge, S. 1988. Expression of a reporter gene resembles that of its neighbour: an insertion in the hairy gene of Drosophila. Roux Arch. Dev. Biol. 197: 507–512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mlodzik, M., Hiromi, Y., Weber, U., Goodman, C.S. and Rubin, G.M. 1990. The Drosophila seven-up gene, a member of the steroid receptor gene superfamily, controls photoreceptor cell fates. Cell 60: 211–224.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gridley, T., Soriano, P. and Jaenisch, R. 1987. Insertional mutagenesis in mice. Trends Genet. 3: 162–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Evans, M.J. and Kaufman, M.H. 1981. Establishment in culture of pluripotent cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292: 154–156.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Martin, G.R. 1981. Isolation of a pluripotent stem cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 7634–7638.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Bradley, A., Evans, M., Kaufman, M.H. and Robertson, E. 1984. Formation of germline chimaeras from embryo-derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature 309: 255–256.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gossler, A., Doetschman, T., Korn, R., Serfling, E. and Kemler, R. 1986. Transgenesis by means of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83:: 9065–9069.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Robertson, E., Bradley, A., Kuehn, M. and Evans, M. 1986. Germ-line transmission of genes introduced into cultured pluripotential cells by a retroviral vector. Nature 323: 445–448.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Thompson, S., Clarke, A.R., Pow, A.M., Hooper, M.L. and Melton, D.W. 1989. Germ line transmission and expression of a corrected HPRT gene produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Cell 56: 313–321.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada

    William C. Skarnes

Authors
  1. William C. Skarnes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Skarnes, W. Entrapment Vectors: A New Tool for Mammalian Genetics. Nat Biotechnol 8, 827–831 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0990-827

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0990-827

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing