Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Bt crop risk assessment in the Netherlands

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Get just this article for as long as you need it

$39.95

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Four-pronged risk-assessment of the ecological effects of Bt crops on multitrophic interactions.

References

  1. Appell, D. Am. Sci. 89, 18–19 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  2. James, C. Preview. ISAAA Briefs vol. 21 (ISAAA, Ithaca, New York, 2000).

  3. Shelton, A.M., Zhao, J.-Z. & Roush, R.T. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47, 845–881 (2002).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. US EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides Pollution Prevention Division. Biopesticides registration document; preliminary risks and benefits sections; Bacillus thuringiensis plant-pesticides (US EPA, Washington, DC, USA, 2000).

  5. Groot, A. & Dicke, M. Plant J. 31, 387–406 (2002).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Van der Putten, W.H., Vet, L.E.M., Harvey, J.A. & Wäckers, F.L. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16, 547–554 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tabashnik, B.E. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39, 47–79 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hellmich, R.L. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11925–11930 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Stanley-Horn, D.E. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11931–11936 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. US National Academy of Sciences. Introduction of recombinant DNA-engineered organisms into the environment: key issues (US National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 1987).

  11. US National Research Council. Field testing genetically modified organisms: framework for decision (US National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 1989).

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Willem Brandenburg and Hans Bergmans for constructive comments on a previous version of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Knols, B., Dicke, M. Bt crop risk assessment in the Netherlands. Nat Biotechnol 21, 973–974 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0903-973

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0903-973

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing