Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipoprotein gene (oprl) was modified by cloning an in-frame polylinker in both orientations at the end of oprl. The resulting plasmids pVUBl and pVUB2 allow high lipoprotein production in E. coli after IPTG induction. The modified lipoproteins are present in the outer membrane and surface-exposed. Outer membrane-bound fusion proteins of different sizes were produced and used to generate antibodies without use of adjuvant. An 87 bp DNA fragment from the vp72 capsid protein gene of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) and the entire Leishmania major glycoprotein gp63 gene were expressed in this system. Finally, a fusion lipoprotein containing a 16 amino acid epitope from the pre-S2b region of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was presented by an antigen-presenting cell line to a T-cell hybridoma while the corresponding cross-linked S2b peptide was not. The results suggest that Oprl-based fusion proteins can be used to generate both humoral and cellular immune responses.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Georgiou, G., Poetschke, H.L., Stathopoulos, C. and Francisco, J.A. 1993. Practical applications of engineering gram negative bacterial cell surfaces. Trends Biotech. 11: 6–10.
Little, M., Fuchs, P., Breitling, F. and Dübel, S. 1993. Bacterial surface presentation of proteins and peptides: an alternative to phage technology? Trends Biotech. 11: 3–5.
Van Die, I. et al. 1990. Expression of foreign epitopes in P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 222: 297–303.
Newton, S.M., Jacob, C.O. and Stocker, B.A. 1989. Immune response to cholera toxin epitope inserted in Salmonella flagellin. Science. 244: 70–72.
Lu, Z., Murray, K.S., Van Cleave, V., La Vallie, E.R., Stahl, M.L. and McCoy, J. 1995. Expression of thioredoxin random peptide libraries on the Escherichia coli cell surface as functional fusions to flagellin: a system designed for exploring protein-protein interactions. Bio/Technology 13: 366–372.
Charbit, A., Boulain, J.C., Ryter, A. and Hofnung, M. 1986. Probing the topology of a bacterial membrane protein by genetic insertion of a foreign epitope; expression at the cell surface. EMBO J. 5: 3029–3037.
Agterberg, M., Adriaanse, H. and Tommassen, J. 1987. Use of outer membrane protein PhoE as a carrier for the transport of a foreign antigenic determinant to the cell surface of Escherichia coli K12. Gene 59: 145–150.
Agterberg, M. and Tommassen, J. 1991. Outer membrane protein PhoE as a carrier for the exposure of foreign antigenic determinants at the bacterial cell surface. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 59: 249–262.
Hogervorst, E.J.M. et al. 1990. Efficient recognition by rat T cell clones of an epitope of mycobacterial Hsp 65 inserted in Escherichia coli outer membrane protein PhoE. Eur. J. Immunol. 20: 2763–2768.
Taylor, I.M., Harrison, J.L., Timmis, K.N. and O'Connor, C.D., 1990. TraT lipoprotein as a vehicle for the transport of foreign antigenic determinants to the cell surface of Escherichia coli K12: structure-function relationships in the TraT protein. Mol. Microbiol. 4: 1259–1268.
Francisco, J.A., Stathopoulos, C., Warren, A.J., Kilburn, D.G. and Georgiou, G. 1993. Specific adhesion and hydrolysis of cellulose by intact Escherichia coli expressing surface-anchored cellulase or cellulose binding domains. Bio/Technology. 11: 491–495.
Laukkanen, M.L., Teeri, T.T. and Keinänen, K. 1993. Lipid-tagged antibodies: bacterial expression and characterization of a lipoprotein-single chain antibody fusion protein. Protein Eng. 6: 449–454.
Ghrayeb, J. and Inouye, M. 1984. Nine amino acid residues at the NH2-ter-minal of lipoprotein are sufficient for its modification, processing, and localization in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 463–467.
Fuchs, P., Breitling, E., Dübel, S., Seehaus, T. and Little, M. 1991. Targeting recombinant antibodies to the surface of Escherichia coli: fusion to a peptido-glycan-associated lipoprotein. Bio/Technology. 9: 1369–1372.
Shinnick, T.M., Sutcliffe, J.G., Green, N. and Lerner, R.A. 1983. Synthetic peptide immunogens as vaccines. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 37: 425–446.
Lex, A., Wiesmüller, K.H., Jung, G. and Bessler, W.G. 1986. A synthetic analogue of Escherichia coli lipoprotein, tripalmitoyl pentapeptide, constitutes a potent immune adjuvant. J. Immunol. 137: 2676–2681.
Deres, K., Schild, H., Wiesmüller, K.H., Jung, G. and Rammensee, H.G. 1989. In vivo priming of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with synthetic lipopeptide vaccine. Nature. 342: 561–564.
Cornells, P., Bouia, A., Belarbi, A., Guyonvarch, A., Kammerer, B., Hannaert, V. and Hubert, J.C. 1989. Cloning and analysis of the gene for the major outer membrane lipoprotein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol. Microbiol. 3: 421–428.
Bagdasarian, M.M., Amann, E., Lurz, R., Rückert, B. and Bagdasarian, M. 1983. Activity of the hybrid trp-lac (tad) promoter of Escherichia coli in Pseudomonas putida. Construction of broad-host-range, controlled expression vectors. Gene 26: 273–282.
De Vos, D., Lim, A., Jr De Vos, P., Sarniguet, A., Kersters, K. and Cornelis, P. 1993. Detection of the outer membrane lipoprotein I and its gene in fluorescent and non-fluorescent pseudomonads: implications for taxonomy and diagnosis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 2215–2223.
Lopez-Otin, C., Freije, M.P., Parra, F., Mendez, F. and Vinuela, E. 1990. Mapping and sequence of the gene coding for protein p72, the major capsid protein of African Swine Fever virus. Virology 175: 477–484.
Hopp, T.P. and Woods, K.R. 1981. Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acids sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 3824–3828.
Hayashi, S. and Wu, H.C. 1990. Lipoproteins in bacteria. J. Bioenerg. Biomemb. 22: 541–571.
Martins, C.L.V., Scholl, T., Mebus, C.A., Fisch, H. and Lawman, M.J.P. 1988. Modulation of porcine peripheral blood-derived macrophage functions by in vitro infection with African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates of different virulence. Viral Immunol. 1: 177–190.
Button, L.L. and Me Master, R. 1988. Molecular cloning of the major surface antigen of Leishmania. J. Exp. Med. 167: 724–729. Correction: J. Exp. Med. 171: 599 (1990).
Roberts, S.C., Swihart, K.G., Agey, M.W., Rammoorthy, R., Wilson, M.E. and Donelson, J.E. 1993. Sequence diversity and organization of the msp gene family encoding gp63 of Leishmania chagasi. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 62: 157–172.
Scheerlinck, J.P. 1992. Scrutiny of subunit immunogens. PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
Scheerlinck, J.P., Michel, A. and De Baetselier, P. 1994. Grafting of a hepatitis B S-preS(2) T-cell epitope on lysozyme enhances the immunogenicity of lysozyme in responder mice primed with the T-cell epitope. Immunol. Lett. 41: 25–32.
Hiemstra, H., de Hoop, M.J., Inouye, M. and Witholt, B. 1986. Induction kinetics and cell surface distribution of the lipoprotein of Escherichia coli under lac promoter control. J. Bacteriol. 168: 140–151.
Matsuyama, S., Tajima, T. and Tohuda, H. 1995. A novel periplasmic carrier protein involved in the sorting and transport of Escherichia coli lipoproteins destined for the outer membrane. EMBO J. 14: 3365–3372.
Dubray, G. and Bezard, G. 1982. A highly sensitive periodic acid-silver stain for 1,2-diol groups of glycoproteins and polysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 119: 325–329.
Hirota, Y., Suzuki, H., Nishimura, Y. and Yashuda, S. 1977. On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: a mutant of E. coli lacking murein-lipoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 1417–1420.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T., 1989. A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Laemmli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227: 680–685.
Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. 1979. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 4350–4354.
Martins, C.L.V., Lawman, M.J.P., Scholl, T., Mebus, C.A. and Lunney, J.K. 1993. African swine fever virus specific porcine cytotoxic T cell activity. Arch. Virol. 129: 211–225.
Sanger, F., Nickleen, S. and Coulson, A.R. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5463–5467.
Dower, W.J., Miller, J.F. and Ragsdale, C.W. 1988. High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high-voltage electroporation. Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 6127–6145.
Schnur, L.F. and Jacobson, L. 1987. Appendix III: Parasitological techniques. In: The Leishmaniasis in Biology and Medicine. Peters, W. K. (Ed.). London, Academic Press, Inc.
Le Ray, D. 1975. Structures antigéniques de Trypanosoma brucei (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida), analyse éctrophorétique et étude comparative. Ann. Soc. Beige Med. Trop. 55: 158–160.
Zarley, J.H., Britigan, B.E. and Wilson, M.E. 1991. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity for Leishmania donovani chagasi promastigotes. Role of hydroxyl radical and protection by heat shock. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1511–1521.
Handman, E., Mitchel, G.F. and Godin, J.W. 1981. Identification and characterization of protein antigens of Leishmania tropica isolates. J. Immunol. 126: 508–512.
Sherwin, T. and Read, M. 1993. Immunofluorescence of parasites. In: Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol 21: Protocols in Molecular Parasitology. Hyde, J. E. (Ed.). Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, N.J.
Ho, S.N., Abraham, R.T., Gillis, S. and McKean, D.J. 1987. Differential bioassay of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4. J. Immunol. Methods. 98: 99–104.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cornells, P., Sierra, J., Lim, A. et al. Development of New Cloning Vectors for the Production of Immunogenic Outer Membrane Fusion Proteins in Escherichia coli. Nat Biotechnol 14, 203–208 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0296-203
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0296-203