Abstract
Excessive and prolonged activity of inflammatory monocytes is a hallmark of many diseases with an inflammatory component. In such conditions, precise targeting of these cells could be therapeutically beneficial while sparing many essential functions of the innate immune system, thus limiting unwanted effects. Inflammatory monocytes—but not the noninflammatory subset—depend on the chemokine receptor CCR2 for localization to injured tissue. Here we present an optimized lipid nanoparticle and a CCR2-silencing short interfering RNA that, when administered systemically in mice, show rapid blood clearance, accumulate in spleen and bone marrow, and localize to monocytes. Efficient degradation of CCR2 mRNA in monocytes prevents their accumulation in sites of inflammation. Specifically, the treatment attenuates their number in atherosclerotic plaques, reduces infarct size after coronary artery occlusion, prolongs normoglycemia in diabetic mice after pancreatic islet transplantation, and results in reduced tumor volumes and lower numbers of tumor-associated macrophages.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank M. Waring, A. Chicoine and the Ragon Institute (MGH) for cell sorting, the CSB Mouse Imaging Program (P. Waterman, B. Sena) and B. Bettencourt for designing initial sets of siRNA. We acknowledge the small, medium and large scale RNA synthesis groups at Alnylam as well as analytical, duplex annealing and QC groups for synthesizing and characterizing RNAs. This work was funded in part by grants from the US National Institutes of Health R01-HL096576, R01-HL095629 (M.N.); R01-EB006432, T32-CA79443, U24-CA92782, P50-CA86355, HHSN268201000044C (R.W.); R01-CA132091, R01-CA115527, R37-EB000244 (R.L.); Deutsche Herzstiftung (F.L.); and the SNUBH Research Fund 02-2007-013 (W.W.L.).
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F.L. and P.D. performed experiments, collected and analyzed the data and contributed to writing the manuscript, R.G. did surgeries and performed experiments, T.I.N. designed experiments and siRNA screens, analyzed data and contributed to writing the manuscript; K.M.L. did islet transplantations and analyzed data, J.S.D., G.C., J.I.K., J.F.M., B.M., P.P., W.W.L., Y.I., V.C.-R., A.N., W.C., J.W. performed experiments, imaging, collected, analyzed and discussed data, S.M., H.E.-B., K.L. formulated siRNA nanoparticles, P.L., M.J.P. and F.K.S. conceived experiments and discussed strategy and results; V.K., R.L., R.W., D.G.A. and M.N. designed experiments, developed siRNA delivery technology and in vivo imaging strategies and systems, and reviewed, analyzed and discussed data. M.N. and R.W. wrote the manuscript which was edited and approved by all co-authors. M.N. developed and supervised the project.
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T.I.N., S.M., H.E.B., W.C., J.W. and V.K. are Alnylam Pharmaceuticals employees; K.L., R.L., and D.G.A. receive funding from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. R.L. and D.G.A. are consultants with Alnylam.
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Leuschner, F., Dutta, P., Gorbatov, R. et al. Therapeutic siRNA silencing in inflammatory monocytes in mice. Nat Biotechnol 29, 1005–1010 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1989
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1989
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