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Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci

Nature volume 551, pages 92–94 (2017)Cite this article

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Abstract

Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry1. We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10−8. The majority of credible risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these loci fall in distal regulatory elements, and by integrating in silico data to predict target genes in breast cells at each locus, we demonstrate a strong overlap between candidate target genes and somatic driver genes in breast tumours. We also find that heritability of breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2–5-fold enriched relative to the genome-wide average, with strong enrichment for particular transcription factor binding sites. These results provide further insight into genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and will improve the use of genetic risk scores for individualized screening and prevention.

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Figure 1: SNP associations with breast cancer risk.

Change history

  • 08 March 2018

    The link to Supplementary Table 20 was corrected.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the individuals who took part in these studies and all the researchers, clinicians, technicians and administrative staff who have enabled this work to be carried out. Genotyping of the OncoArray was principally funded from three sources: the PERSPECTIVE project, funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the ‘Ministère de l’Économie, de la Science et de l’Innovation du Québec’ through Genome Québec, and the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation; the NCI Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) initiative and Discovery, Biology and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE) project (NIH Grants U19 CA148065 and X01HG007492); and Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118 and C1287/A16563). BCAC is funded by Cancer Research UK (C1287/A16563), by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS) and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreements 633784 (B-CAST) and 634935 (BRIDGES). Genotyping of the iCOGS array was funded by the European Union (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10710), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the ‘CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer’ program, and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade of Quebec, grant PSR-SIIRI-701. Combining of the GWAS data was supported in part by The National Institute of Health (NIH) Cancer Post-Cancer GWAS initiative grant U19 CA 148065 (DRIVE, part of the GAME-ON initiative). For a full description of funding and acknowledgments, see Supplementary Note.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Lists of participants and their affiliations appear in the Supplementary Information.

  2. Kyriaki Michailidou, Sara Lindström, Joe Dennis, Jonathan Beesley, Shirley Hui and Siddhartha Kar: These authors contributed equally to this work.

  3. Jacques Simard, Peter Kraft and Douglas F. Easton: These authors jointly supervised this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Kyriaki Michailidou, Joe Dennis, Manjeet K. Bolla, Qin Wang, Andrew Lee, Jamie Allen, Antonis C. Antoniou, Paul D. P. Pharoah & Douglas F. Easton

  2. Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Kyriaki Michailidou

  3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Sara Lindström

  4. Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Sara Lindström, Xia Jiang, Hilary Finucane, Rulla Tamimi, David J. Hunter & Peter Kraft

  5. Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

    Jonathan Beesley, Dylan Glubb, Juliet D. French, Xiao Qing Chen, Karen McCue, Stacey L. Edwards & Georgia Chenevix-Trench

  6. The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Shirley Hui, Asha Rostamianfar & Gary D. Bader

  7. Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Siddhartha Kar, Jonathan Tyrer, Ed Dicks, Laura Fachal, Maya Ghoussaini, Caroline Baynes, Don M. Conroy, Patricia Harrington, Craig Luccarini, Valerie Rhenius, Mitul Shah, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Alison M. Dunning & Douglas F. Easton

  8. Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada, Quebec

    Audrey Lemaçon, Penny Soucy, Martine Dumont, Arnaud Droit & Jacques Simard

  9. Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

    Zhaoming Wang

  10. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Zhaoming Wang, Belynda Hicks, Kristine Jones & Bin Zhu

  11. Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Renske Keeman, Annegien Broeks, Sten Cornelissen & Marjanka K. Schmidt

  12. Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Ursula Eilber, Myrto Barrdahl, Sabine Behrens, Rudolf Kaaks, Anja Rudolph & Jenny Chang-Claude

  13. UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Amy E. McCart Reed & Sunil R. Lakhani

  14. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK

    Jason S. Carroll

  15. Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Hilary Finucane

  16. Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Marcia Adams, Kimberly F. Doheny, Elizabeth Pugh & Jane Romm

  17. Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers-Heijboer & Quinten Waisfisz

  18. Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Habibul Ahsan & Ling Tong

  19. Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Kristiina Aittomäki

  20. Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

    Hoda Anton-Culver & Argyrios Ziogas

  21. N. N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus

    Natalia N. Antonenkova & Natalia V. Bogdanova

  22. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Volker Arndt, Hermann Brenner & Katja Butterbach

  23. Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    Kristan J. Aronson

  24. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Banu Arun

  25. Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Paul L. Auer & Ross Prentice

  26. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Paul L. Auer

  27. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

    François Bacot, Nathalie Hamel, Daniel C. Tessier & Daniel Vincent

  28. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany

    Matthias W. Beckmann, Peter A. Fasching, Lothar Haeberle, Alexander Hein, Michael P. Lux & Matthias Ruebner

  29. Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain

    Javier Benitez & Anna González-Neira

  30. Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain

    Javier Benitez

  31. Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

    Marina Bermisheva & Elza Khusnutdinova

  32. Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA

    Leslie Bernstein & Susan L. Neuhausen

  33. Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Carl Blomqvist

  34. Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Natalia V. Bogdanova & Hans Christiansen

  35. Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Natalia V. Bogdanova, Thilo Dörk, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon & Peter Schürmann

  36. Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

    Stig E. Bojesen, Sune F. Nielsen & Børge G. Nordestgaard

  37. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

    Stig E. Bojesen, Sune F. Nielsen & Børge G. Nordestgaard

  38. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Stig E. Bojesen & Børge G. Nordestgaard

  39. Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy

    Bernardo Bonanni

  40. Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway

    Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Grethe I. Grenaker Alnæs & Vessela N. Kristensen

  41. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Judith S. Brand, Kamila Czene, Mikael Eriksson, Marike Gabrielson, Keith Humphreys, Jingmei Li & Per Hall

  42. Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany

    Hiltrud Brauch & Wing-Yee Lo

  43. University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Hiltrud Brauch & Wing-Yee Lo

  44. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Hiltrud Brauch & Hermann Brenner

  45. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

    Paul Brennan, Valerie Gaborieau & James McKay

  46. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany

    Hermann Brenner

  47. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Louise Brinton, Jonine Figueroa, Robert N. Hoover, Xiaohong R. Yang, Montserrat García-Closas & Stephen J. Chanock

  48. Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Per Broberg, Carolina Ellberg, Ute Krüger & Håkan Olsson

  49. Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Ian W. Brock & Angela Cox

  50. Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada

    Angela Brooks-Wilson

  51. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British, Columbia, Canada

    Angela Brooks-Wilson

  52. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Sara Y. Brucker

  53. Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Thomas Brüning

  54. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Barbara Burwinkel, Andreas Schneeweiss & Harald Surowy

  55. Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Barbara Burwinkel & Harald Surowy

  56. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Qiuyin Cai, Hui Cai, Jirong Long, Martha J. Shrubsole, Xiao-Ou Shu & Wei Zheng

  57. Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC (Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red), CIBERONC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos), Madrid, Spain

    Trinidad Caldés, José A. García-Sáenz & Atocha Romero

  58. Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Federico Canzian

  59. Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago De, Compostela, Spain

    Angel Carracedo & Manuela Gago-Dominguez

  60. Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) y Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB2), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De, Compostela, Spain

    Angel Carracedo

  61. Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Brian D. Carter, Susan M. Gapstur & Mia M. Gaudet

  62. Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica (IBI) Orense-Pontevedra-Vigo, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain

    Jose E. Castelao

  63. Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong

    Tsun L. Chan, Ava Kwong & Edmond S. K. Ma

  64. Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong

    Tsun L. Chan, Dona N. Ho & Edmond S. K. Ma

  65. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA

    Ting-Yuan David Cheng

  66. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Kee Seng Chia, Mikael Hartman & Hui Miao

  67. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea

    Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang & Sue K. Park

  68. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang & Sue K. Park

  69. Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Christine L. Clarke

  70. Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Margriet Collée & Ans M. W. van den Ouweland

  71. Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

    Emilie Cordina-Duverger, Pascal Guénel & Thérèse Truong

  72. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

    David G. Cox

  73. INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France

    David G. Cox

  74. Department of Neuroscience, Academic Unit of Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Simon S. Cross

  75. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Julie M. Cunningham, Jeffery Meyer, Jason Vollenweider & Fergus J. Couch

  76. Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Mary B. Daly

  77. Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Peter Devilee

  78. Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Peter Devilee

  79. Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

    Isabel dos-Santos-Silva & Julian Peto

  80. Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Lorraine Durcan & Tom Maishman

  81. Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Lorraine Durcan, Diana M. Eccles & Tom Maishman

  82. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Miriam Dwek & Nadege Presneau

  83. Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany

    Arif B. Ekici

  84. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    A. Heather Eliassen & Rulla Tamimi

  85. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    A. Heather Eliassen, JoAnn E. Manson, Rulla Tamimi, Walter Willett, David J. Hunter & Peter Kraft

  86. Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Carolina Ellberg

  87. Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

    Mingajeva Elvira, Elza Khusnutdinova & Darya Prokofyeva

  88. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Christoph Engel

  89. LIFE—Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Christoph Engel

  90. Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Peter A. Fasching

  91. Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK

    Jonine Figueroa

  92. Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Dieter Flesch-Janys

  93. Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Dieter Flesch-Janys & Kathrin Thöne

  94. Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK

    Olivia Fletcher, Nichola Johnson & Nick Orr

  95. Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

    Henrik Flyger

  96. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

    Lin Fritschi

  97. Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Manuela Gago-Dominguez & Maria Elena Martinez

  98. Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China

    Yu-Tang Gao

  99. Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece

    Vassilios Georgoulias & Dimitrios Mavroudis

  100. Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Graham G. Giles, Robert J. MacInnis & Roger L. Milne

  101. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Robert J. MacInnis, Enes Makalic, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Daniel F. Schmidt & Roger L. Milne

  102. Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Gord Glendon & Irene L. Andrulis

  103. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

    Mark S. Goldberg

  104. Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

    Mark S. Goldberg

  105. Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    David E. Goldgar

  106. Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Mervi Grip

  107. Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

    Jacek Gronwald, Anna Jakubowska, Katarzyna Kaczmarek & Jan Lubinski

  108. Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

    Anne Grundy

  109. Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Eric Hahnen & Rita K. Schmutzler

  110. Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Eric Hahnen & Rita K. Schmutzler

  111. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Eric Hahnen & Rita K. Schmutzler

  112. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Christopher A. Haiman, Eunjung Lee, Grace Sheng, Daniel O. Stram, Chiu-Chen Tseng, David Van Den Berg, Anna H. Wu & Lucy Xia

  113. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Niclas Håkansson & Alicja Wolk

  114. Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Ute Hamann, Guanmengqian Huang, Maria Kabisch & Diana Torres

  115. Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA

    Susan Hankinson

  116. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Steven N. Hart, Jenna Lilyquist, Aaron Norman, Janet E. Olson, Curtis Olswold, Christopher Scott & Celine Vachon

  117. Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

    Jaana M. Hartikainen, Veli-Matti Kosma, Arto Mannermaa & Maria Tengström

  118. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

    Jaana M. Hartikainen, Veli-Matti Kosma & Arto Mannermaa

  119. Department of Clinical Pathology, Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

    Jaana M. Hartikainen, Veli-Matti Kosma & Arto Mannermaa

  120. Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

    Mikael Hartman & Chuen Neng Lee

  121. School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Jane Heyworth

  122. Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Antoinette Hollestelle, Maartje J. Hooning & Caroline Seynaeve

  123. Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Ming-Feng Hou

  124. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chia-Ni Hsiung

  125. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan

    Junko Ishiguro & Hidemi Ito

  126. Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

    Junko Ishiguro, Hidemi Ito & Keitaro Matsuo

  127. Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Motoki Iwasaki & Taiki Yamaji

  128. Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan

    Hiroji Iwata

  129. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Wolfgang Janni

  130. Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA

    Esther M. John

  131. Department of Health Research and Policy–Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

    Esther M. John & Alice S. Whittemore

  132. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

    Esther M. John & Alice S. Whittemore

  133. Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK

    Michael Jones, Minouk J. Schoemaker & Anthony Swerdlow

  134. Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen

  135. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Daehee Kang & Sue K. Park

  136. Department of Surgery, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan

    Yoshio Kasuga

  137. School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Michael J. Kerin & Nicola Miller

  138. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Sofia Khan, Johanna I. Kiiski & Heli Nevanlinna

  139. Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

    Sung-Won Kim

  140. Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Julia A. Knight

  141. Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Julia A. Knight

  142. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Vessela N. Kristensen

  143. Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Vessela N. Kristensen

  144. Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

    Ava Kwong

  145. Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong

    Ava Kwong

  146. Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium

    Diether Lambrechts

  147. Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Diether Lambrechts

  148. University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

    Loic Le Marchand

  149. Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

    Min Hyuk Lee

  150. Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea

    Jong Won Lee

  151. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

    Chuen Neng Lee

  152. Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel

    Flavio Lejbkowicz, Mila Pinchev, Gadi Rennert & Hedy S. Rennert

  153. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Annika Lindblom

  154. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

    Jolanta Lissowska

  155. German Breast Group GmbH, Neu Isenburg, Germany

    Sibylle Loibl

  156. Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK

    Artitaya Lophatananon, Kenneth Muir & Sarah Stewart-Brown

  157. Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Artitaya Lophatananon & Kenneth Muir

  158. Division of Public Health Sciences, Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Kathleen E. Malone

  159. Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

    Ivana Maleva Kostovska & Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska

  160. Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy

    Siranoush Manoukian

  161. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    JoAnn E. Manson

  162. Department of Oncology–Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Sara Margolin & Camilla Wendt

  163. Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Shivaani Mariapun & Soo H. Teo

  164. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Maria Elena Martinez

  165. Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan

    Keitaro Matsuo

  166. Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

    Catriona McLean

  167. Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Alfons Meindl

  168. Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain

    Primitiva Menéndez

  169. Department of Women’s Cancer, Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK

    Usha Menon

  170. Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nur Aishah Mohd Taib & Soo H. Teo

  171. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Anna Marie Mulligan

  172. Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Anna Marie Mulligan

  173. Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris, France

    Claire Mulot

  174. Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Patrick Neven, Ann Smeets & Hans Wildiers

  175. Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Dong-Young Noh

  176. Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Olufunmilayo I. Olopade

  177. University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    V. Shane Pankratz

  178. The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Rachel Lloyd & Jennifer Stone

  179. Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain

    Jose I. A. Perez

  180. IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Peterlongo

  181. Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia

    Kelly-Anne Phillips

  182. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Kelly-Anne Phillips

  183. Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia

    Kelly-Anne Phillips

  184. Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Katri Pylkäs & Robert Winqvist

  185. Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Katri Pylkäs & Robert Winqvist

  186. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Brigitte Rack

  187. Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy

    Paolo Radice

  188. Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK

    Nazneen Rahman & Sheila Seal

  189. Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain

    Atocha Romero

  190. Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Kathryn J. Ruddy

  191. Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Thomas Rüdiger

  192. Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Emiel J. T. Rutgers

  193. Hereditary Cancer Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece

    Emmanouil Saloustros

  194. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    Dale P. Sandler & Jack A. Taylor

  195. National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand

    Suleeporn Sangrajrang

  196. Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK

    Elinor J. Sawyer

  197. National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Andreas Schneeweiss & Christof Sohn

  198. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Fredrick Schumacher

  199. Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia

    Rodney J. Scott

  200. Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia

    Rodney J. Scott

  201. Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

    Priyanka Sharma

  202. School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chen-Yang Shen

  203. Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chen-Yang Shen

  204. Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Mark E. Sherman

  205. Department of Pathology, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Melissa C. Southey

  206. Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    John J. Spinelli

  207. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada

    John J. Spinelli

  208. Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Christa Stegmaier

  209. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

    Jennifer Stone

  210. Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK

    Anthony Swerdlow

  211. Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North, Carolina, USA

    Jack A. Taylor

  212. Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

    Maria Tengström

  213. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

    Maria Tengström

  214. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Mary Beth Terry

  215. National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand

    Somchai Thanasitthichai

  216. Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar

  217. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Ian Tomlinson

  218. Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia

    Diana Torres

  219. Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Shoichiro Tsugane

  220. Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden, Germany

    Hans-Ulrich Ulmer

  221. Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway

    Giske Ursin

  222. Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Giske Ursin

  223. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany

    Michael Untch

  224. Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Christi J. van Asperen

  225. Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Lizet van der Kolk

  226. Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Rob B. van der Luijt

  227. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Shan Wang-Gohrke

  228. Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    Clarice R. Weinberg

  229. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Walter Willett

  230. Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Cheng Har Yip

  231. Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Keun-Young Yoo

  232. Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea

    Keun-Young Yoo

  233. Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

    Jyh-Cherng Yu

  234. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

    Ying Zheng

  235. Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Elad Ziv

  236. Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, Australia

    Sunil R. Lakhani

  237. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Irene L. Andrulis

  238. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Center for Genomic Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

    Christopher I. Amos

  239. University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Jenny Chang-Claude

  240. Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

    Per Hall

  241. Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Marjanka K. Schmidt

Authors
  1. Kyriaki Michailidou
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