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Soft colloids make strong glasses

Nature volume 462, pages 83–86 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Glass formation in colloidal suspensions has many of the hallmarks of glass formation in molecular materials1,2,3,4,5. For hard-sphere colloids, which interact only as a result of excluded volume, phase behaviour is controlled by volume fraction, φ; an increase in φ drives the system towards its glassy state, analogously to a decrease in temperature, T, in molecular systems. When φ increases above φ* ≈ 0.53, the viscosity starts to increase significantly, and the system eventually moves out of equilibrium at the glass transition, φg ≈ 0.58, where particle crowding greatly restricts structural relaxation1,2,3,4. The large particle size makes it possible to study both structure and dynamics with light scattering1 and imaging3,4; colloidal suspensions have therefore provided considerable insight into the glass transition. However, hard-sphere colloidal suspensions do not exhibit the same diversity of behaviour as molecular glasses. This is highlighted by the wide variation in behaviour observed for the viscosity or structural relaxation time, τα , when the glassy state is approached in supercooled molecular liquids5. This variation is characterized by the unifying concept of fragility5, which has spurred the search for a ‘universal’ description of dynamic arrest in glass-forming liquids. For ‘fragile’ liquids, τα is highly sensitive to changes in T, whereas non-fragile, or ‘strong’, liquids show a much lower T sensitivity. In contrast, hard-sphere colloidal suspensions are restricted to fragile behaviour, as determined by their φ dependence1,6, ultimately limiting their utility in the study of the glass transition. Here we show that deformable colloidal particles, when studied through their concentration dependence at fixed temperature, do exhibit the same variation in fragility as that observed in the T dependence of molecular liquids at fixed volume. Their fragility is dictated by elastic properties on the scale of individual colloidal particles. Furthermore, we find an equivalent effect in molecular systems, where elasticity directly reflects fragility. Colloidal suspensions may thus provide new insight into glass formation in molecular systems.

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Figure 1: Dynamics of microgel suspensions.
Figure 2: Fragility range for colloids.
Figure 3: Elasticity of glass-formers.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to J. Zhou for technical assistance, to J. Bergenholtz for complimentary use of his light-scattering equipment and to J.-W. Kim for discussions. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation and Harvard University’s Materials Research Science and Engineering Center; by the Hans Werthén Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Göteborg (J.M.); by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the University of Almeria (A.F.-N.); and by KAKENHI (K.M.).

Author Contributions J.M. and H.M.W. designed the study, performed the experiments, analysed and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript; A.F.-N. designed the study, interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript; Z.H. designed the samples and contributed to the writing of the manuscript; K.M., D.R.R. and D.A.W. each contributed to data interpretation and the writing of the manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Johan Mattsson, Hans M. Wyss, Alberto Fernandez-Nieves & Kunimasa Miyazaki

    Present address: Present addresses: Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden (J.M.); TU Eindhoven, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands (H.M.W.); School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA (A.F.-N.); Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan (K.M.).,

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA,

    Johan Mattsson, Hans M. Wyss, Alberto Fernandez-Nieves & David A. Weitz

  2. Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA,

    Kunimasa Miyazaki & David R. Reichman

  3. Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA,

    Zhibing Hu

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Mattsson, J., Wyss, H., Fernandez-Nieves, A. et al. Soft colloids make strong glasses. Nature 462, 83–86 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08457

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