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Atomic model of a myosin filament in the relaxed state

Nature volume 436, pages 1195–1199 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

Contraction of muscle involves the cyclic interaction of myosin heads on the thick filaments with actin subunits in the thin filaments1. Muscles relax when this interaction is blocked by molecular switches on either or both filaments2. Insight into the relaxed (switched OFF) structure of myosin has come from electron microscopic studies of smooth muscle myosin molecules, which are regulated by phosphorylation. These studies suggest that the OFF state is achieved by an asymmetric, intramolecular interaction between the actin-binding region of one head and the converter region of the other, switching both heads off3. Although this is a plausible model for relaxation based on isolated myosin molecules, it does not reveal whether this structure is present in native myosin filaments. Here we analyse the structure of a phosphorylation-regulated striated muscle thick filament using cryo-electron microscopy. Three-dimensional reconstruction and atomic fitting studies suggest that the ‘interacting-head’ structure is also present in the filament, and that it may underlie the relaxed state of thick filaments in both smooth and myosin-regulated striated muscles over a wide range of species.

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Figure 1: Cryo-electron micrographs and 3D reconstruction of purified tarantula thick filaments.
Figure 2: Surface rendition of thick filament reconstruction looking along the filament axis from the bare zone.
Figure 3: Fitting of heads of smooth muscle HMM atomic model (PDB 1i84, ref. 3) to the tarantula thick filament 3D reconstruction.
Figure 4: Fitting of S2 into the reconstruction.
Figure 5: Intramolecular and intermolecular interactions of myosin heads.

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Acknowledgements

We thank R. Horowitz, W. Lehman and A. Pirani for their help in this work. Support was provided by grants from the National Institutes of Health to R.C. and to E.H.E., an International Research Scholar grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to R.P. and a grant from the National Fund for Science, Technology and Innovation (FONACIT, MCT) to R.P. Electron microscopy was carried out in the Core Electron Microscopy Facility of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, supported in part by grants from the NIH. Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Computer Graphics Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, supported by a grant from the NIH.

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Author notes

  1. John L. Woodhead, Fa-Qing Zhao and Roger Craig: *These authors contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts, 01655, Worcester, USA

    John L. Woodhead, Fa-Qing Zhao & Roger Craig

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Virginia, 22908, Charlottesville, USA

    Edward H. Egelman

  3. Departamento de Biología Estructural, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), 1020A, Caracas, Venezuela

    Lorenzo Alamo & Raúl Padrón

Authors
  1. John L. Woodhead
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  2. Fa-Qing Zhao
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  3. Roger Craig
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  4. Edward H. Egelman
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  5. Lorenzo Alamo
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  6. Raúl Padrón
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roger Craig.

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Figure S1

Longitudinal view of reconstruction density seen in projection, demonstrating arrowheads (cf. Fig. 1a of paper) (DOC 119 kb)

Supplementary Figure S2

Longitudinal surface view of reconstruction, showing how the transverse view in Fig. 2a of paper is obtained (see Supplementary Movies S2 and S3). (DOC 158 kb)

Supplementary Figure S3

Transverse view of reconstruction seen in projection, demonstrating high density of subfilaments and low density of filament core (cf. Fig. 2b of paper). (DOC 115 kb)

Supplementary Movie S1

Movie of longitudinal view of reconstruction rotated around long axis of filament (cf. Fig. 1c of paper). (MOV 3182 kb)

Supplementary Movie S2

Movie showing how longitudinal view of reconstruction transforms into transverse view seen in Fig. 2a of paper. (MOV 6593 kb)

Supplementary Movie S3

This movie shows how portions of different crowns contribute to the transverse view of the reconstruction containing a single 14.5 nm repeat seen in Fig. 2a of paper. (MOV 2019 kb)

Supplementary Movie S4

This movie provides a three-dimensional perspective on the fitting of the modified smooth muscle HMM atomic structure into the J-motif of the filament reconstruction (cf. Fig. 3a of paper). (MOV 4205 kb)

Supplementary Movie S5

This movie shows different views of the space filling atomic model of PDB 1i84 after modification to fit the "J" motif of the reconstruction (cf. Figs 3b and 5a of paper). (MOV 8291 kb)

Supplementary Movie S6

Movie showing how S2 fits into the reconstruction (cf. Fig. 4 of paper). (MOV 7493 kb)

Supplementary Movie Legends

Text to accompany the above Supplementary Movies. (DOC 33 kb)

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Woodhead, J., Zhao, FQ., Craig, R. et al. Atomic model of a myosin filament in the relaxed state. Nature 436, 1195–1199 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03920

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