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N2 production by the anammox reaction in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica

Nature volume 422, pages 606–608 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

In oxygen-depleted zones of the open ocean, and in anoxic basins and fjords, denitrification (the bacterial reduction of nitrate to give N2) is recognized as the only significant process converting fixed nitrogen to gaseous N2. Primary production in the oceans is often limited by the availability of fixed nitrogen such as ammonium or nitrate1, and nitrogen-removal processes consequently affect both ecosystem function and global biogeochemical cycles. It was recently discovered that the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium with nitrite—the ‘anammox’ reaction, performed by bacteria—was responsible for a significant fraction of N2 production in some marine sediments2. Here we show that this reaction is also important in the anoxic waters of Golfo Dulce, a 200-m-deep coastal bay in Costa Rica, where it accounts for 19–35% of the total N2 formation in the water column. The water-column chemistry in Golfo Dulce is very similar to that in oxygen-depleted zones of the oceans—in which one-half to one-third of the global nitrogen removal is believed to occur3,4. We therefore expect the anammox reaction to be a globally significant sink for oceanic nitrogen.

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Figure 1: Water column data.
Figure 2: Isotopic enrichment experiments.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. A. Vargas for assistance in arranging field work, and E. Ruiz and D. Morera for assistance during sampling. We also thank L. Salling, P. Søholt, K. G. Lauridsen, E. Frandsen, T. Quottrup, M. V. Skjærbæk and A. Haxen for analytical work. D.E.C., J.P. and B.T. were supported by the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish National Science Research Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Tage Dalsgaard

  2. Institute of Biology, Danish Centre for Earth System Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 M, Odense, Denmark

    Donald E. Canfield, Jan Petersen & Bo Thamdrup

  3. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, CIMAR, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Jenaro Acuña-González

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  1. Tage Dalsgaard
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  2. Donald E. Canfield
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  5. Jenaro Acuña-González
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Correspondence to Tage Dalsgaard.

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Dalsgaard, T., Canfield, D., Petersen, J. et al. N2 production by the anammox reaction in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Nature 422, 606–608 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01526

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