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2D transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

Graphene is very popular because of its many fascinating properties, but its lack of an electronic bandgap has stimulated the search for 2D materials with semiconducting character. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), which are semiconductors of the type MX2, where M is a transition metal atom (such as Mo or W) and X is a chalcogen atom (such as S, Se or Te), provide a promising alternative. Because of its robustness, MoS2 is the most studied material in this family. TMDCs exhibit a unique combination of atomic-scale thickness, direct bandgap, strong spin–orbit coupling and favourable electronic and mechanical properties, which make them interesting for fundamental studies and for applications in high-end electronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, energy harvesting, flexible electronics, DNA sequencing and personalized medicine. In this Review, the methods used to synthesize TMDCs are examined and their properties are discussed, with particular attention to their charge density wave, superconductive and topological phases. The use of TMCDs in nanoelectronic devices is also explored, along with strategies to improve charge carrier mobility, high frequency operation and the use of strain engineering to tailor their properties.

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Figure 1: Structure and electronic properties of TMCDs.
Figure 2: Correlated and topological phases of TMDCs.
Figure 3: Growth methods for the synthesis of ultrathin TMDCs.
Figure 4: Examples of synthesis of 2D TMDC lateral heterostructures.
Figure 5: Mobility in TMDC-based devices.
Figure 6: Strain engineering in TMDC-based devices.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the European Research Council (Grant Nos. 682332 and 306504), Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 153298), funding from the Single Nanometre Manufacturing project under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 (Grant Agreement No. 318804), Marie Curie ITN network ‘MoWSeS’ (Grant No. 317451). We acknowledge funding by the European Commission under the Graphene Flagship (Grant Agreement No. 604391).

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Manzeli, S., Ovchinnikov, D., Pasquier, D. et al. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Rev Mater 2, 17033 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.33

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