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Towards clinically translatable in vivo nanodiagnostics

Nature Reviews Materials volume 2, Article number: 17014 (2017) Cite this article

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Abstract

Nanodiagnostics as a field makes use of fundamental advances in nanobiotechnology to diagnose, characterize and manage disease at the molecular scale. As these strategies move closer to routine clinical use, a proper understanding of different imaging modalities, relevant biological systems and physical properties governing nanoscale interactions is necessary to rationally engineer next-generation bionanomaterials. In this Review, we analyse the background physics of several clinically relevant imaging modalities and their associated sensitivity and specificity, provide an overview of the materials currently used for in vivo nanodiagnostics, and assess the progress made towards clinical translation. This work provides a framework for understanding both the impressive progress made thus far in the nanodiagnostics field as well as presenting challenges that must be overcome to obtain widespread clinical adoption.

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Figure 1: Timeline of the development of bioimaging modalities and imaging agents towards nanodiagnostics.
Figure 2: Clinically used primary imaging modalities and their corresponding basic physical principles.
Figure 3: Examples of nanoparticles used in preclinical imaging.
Figure 4: In vivo nanoparticle accumulation, clearance and filtration.
Figure 5: Clinical translation of nanomaterial imaging agents.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Award U54CA151459 (Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence and Translation). The authors thank the Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation, the Canary Foundation and the Sir Peter Michael Foundation for supporting their research. They thank H. Guo, G. Gold, E. Rosenthal, R. Barth, J. Wu, X. Qin, A. Iagaru, D.-h. Ha, J. Jokerst, B. R. Smith, T. Haywood, A. F. Sabour, E. Robinson and J. Schwimmer for their input.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine.,

    Seung-min Park, Amin Aalipour, Ophir Vermesh, Jung Ho Yu & Sanjiv S. Gambhir

  2. Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Seung-min Park, Amin Aalipour, Ophir Vermesh, Jung Ho Yu & Sanjiv S. Gambhir

  3. Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, 94304, California, USA

    Sanjiv S. Gambhir

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Park, Sm., Aalipour, A., Vermesh, O. et al. Towards clinically translatable in vivo nanodiagnostics. Nat Rev Mater 2, 17014 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.14

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