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Molecular evidence for BDNF- and GABA-related dysfunctions in the amygdala of female subjects with major depression

Molecular Psychiatry volume 17, pages 1130–1142 (2012)Cite this article

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Abstract

Women are twice as likely as men to develop major depressive disorder (MDD) and are more prone to recurring episodes. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that the illness may associate with robust molecular changes in female subjects, and investigated large-scale gene expression in the post-mortem brain of MDD subjects paired with matched controls (n=21 pairs). We focused on the lateral/basolateral/basomedian complex of the amygdala as a neural hub of mood regulation affected in MDD. Among the most robust findings were downregulated transcripts for genes coding for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron-related peptides, including somatostatin (SST), tachykinin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cortistatin, in a pattern reminiscent to that previously reported in mice with low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Changes were confirmed by quantitative PCR and not explained by demographic, technical or known clinical parameters. BDNF itself was significantly downregulated at the RNA and protein levels in MDD subjects. Investigating putative mechanisms, we show that this core MDD-related gene profile (including SST, NPY, TAC1, RGS4 and CORT) is recapitulated by complementary patterns in mice with constitutive (BDNF-heterozygous) or activity-dependent (exon IV knockout) decreases in BDNF function, with a common effect on SST and NPY. Together, these results provide both direct (low RNA/protein) and indirect (low BDNF-dependent gene pattern) evidence for reduced BDNF function in the amygdala of female subjects with MDD. Supporting studies in mutant mice models suggest a complex mechanism of low constitutive and activity-dependent BDNF function in MDD, particularly affecting SST/NPY-related GABA neurons, thus linking the neurotrophic and GABA hypotheses of depression.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) MH084060 (ES), MH085111 (ES) and MH084053 (DAL). The funding agency had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the paper. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH or the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    J-P Guilloux, G Douillard-Guilloux, R Kota, D A Lewis & E Sibille

  2. EA 3544, Univ Paris-Sud, Fac. Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France

    J-P Guilloux & A M Gardier

  3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    X Wang & G C Tseng

  4. Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program (GCAP), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    K Martinowich

  5. Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    D A Lewis & E Sibille

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David A Lewis currently receives investigator-initiated research support from the BMS Foundation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Curridium and Pfizer and in 2008–2010 served as a consultant in the areas of target identification and validation and new compound development to AstraZeneca, BioLine RX, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Neurogen and SK Life Science.

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Guilloux, JP., Douillard-Guilloux, G., Kota, R. et al. Molecular evidence for BDNF- and GABA-related dysfunctions in the amygdala of female subjects with major depression. Mol Psychiatry 17, 1130–1142 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.113

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