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Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasias

Recommendations to meet statistical challenges arising from endpoints beyond overall survival in clinical trials on chronic myeloid leukemia

Leukemia volume 25, pages 1433–1438 (2011)Cite this article

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Abstract

The aim of this work was to provide guidelines for appropriate statistical analyses regarding most common endpoints in clinical trials on chronic myeloid leukemia: hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular results, failure-free and event-free survival, and progression-free and overall survival. The reasons for the specified recommendations are explained and important issues are outlined by comprehensive examples. Particular attention is paid to the warning of the application of suboptimal methods that may lead to seriously biased results and conclusions. In the presence of a competing risk like death, Kaplan-Meier analysis should not be applied for time-to-remission endpoints. The appropriate method to estimate the probabilities of a time-to-remission endpoint is the calculation of its cumulative incidence function. However, the exact date of remission is hardly known. Detection of remission depends strongly on evaluation frequencies. Complex composite endpoints comprising many events with considerably heterogeneous severity imply difficulties with interpretation. Time-to-remission and complex composite endpoints are not recommended for primary judgment on efficacy. It is rather advisable to investigate remission status at a fixed time point as a primary endpoint, followed by progression-free and overall survival. For patients with the intended remission success at the time point of interest, relapse-free survival provides an additional primary outcome.

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Acknowledgements

The valuable assistance of A Gil and S Döring is gratefully appreciated. This work was supported by the German CML Study Group; Grant no. BMBF 01GI0270 from Deutsches Kompetenznetz für Akute und Chronische Leukämien; Grant no. DJCLS R05/23 from Deutsche José-Carreras Leukämiestiftung and The EUropean Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS), a project supported by Novartis Oncology Europe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie—IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany

    M Pfirrmann, M Lauseker & J Hasford

  2. Abteilung Hämatologie/Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany

    A Hochhaus

  3. III. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

    S Saußele & R Hehlmann

Authors
  1. M Pfirrmann
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  2. A Hochhaus
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  3. M Lauseker
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  4. S Saußele
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  5. R Hehlmann
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  6. J Hasford
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Correspondence to M Pfirrmann.

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Pfirrmann, M., Hochhaus, A., Lauseker, M. et al. Recommendations to meet statistical challenges arising from endpoints beyond overall survival in clinical trials on chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 25, 1433–1438 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2011.116

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Keywords

  • chronic myeloid leukemia
  • clinical trials
  • competing risks
  • time-to-event endpoints
  • composite endpoints

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