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Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children

International Journal of Obesity volume 38, pages 959–965 (2014)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objective:

To examine independent and combined cross-sectional associations between movement behaviors (physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep duration, screen time and sleep disturbance) and fat mass index (FMI), as well as to examine longitudinal associations between movement behaviors and FMI.

Methods:

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were done using data from the OPUS school meal study on 785 children (52% boys, 13.4% overweight, ages 8–11 years). Total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), sedentary time and sleep duration (7 days and 8 nights) were assessed by an accelerometer and FMI was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on three occasions over 200 days. Demographic characteristics, screen time and sleep disturbance (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire) were also obtained.

Results:

Total PA, MVPA and sleep duration were negatively associated with FMI, while sedentary time and sleep disturbances were positively associated with FMI (P⩽0.01). However, only total PA, MVPA and sleep duration were independently associated with FMI after adjustment for multiple covariates (P<0.001). Nevertheless, combined associations revealed synergistic effects among the different movement behaviors. Changes over time in MVPA were negatively associated with changes in FMI (P<0.001). However, none of the movement behaviors at baseline predicted changes in FMI (P>0.05), but higher FMI at baseline predicted a decrease in total PA and MVPA, and an increase in sedentary time (P⩽0.001), even in normal-weight children (P⩽0.03).

Conclusion:

Total PA, MVPA and sleep duration were independently associated with FMI, and combined associations of movement behaviors showed a synergistic effect with FMI. In the longitudinal study design, a high FMI at baseline was associated with lower PA and higher sedentary time after 200 days but not vice versa, even in normal-weight children. Our results suggest that adiposity is a better predictor of PA and sedentary behavior changes than the other way around.

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Acknowledgements

The study is part of the OPUS project 'Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet' supported by a grant from the Nordea Foundation. We are very grateful to the participants and would also like to acknowledge the school staff as well as other researchers and staff in the OPUS project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    M F Hjorth, C Ritz, S-M Dalskov, A Astrup, K F Michaelsen & A Sjödin

  2. Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    J-P Chaput

  3. Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark

    R Andersen & I Tetens

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  1. M F Hjorth
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Correspondence to M F Hjorth.

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Author contributions

Designed research: AA, KFM, IT, S-MD and AS; coordinated data collection: MFH, S-MD and RA; analyzed and interpreted data: MFH; discussed the analysis and interpretation of the data: AS, CR and J-PC; wrote paper: MFH; had primary responsibility of the final content: AS. All authors reviewed the manuscript critically and approved the final manuscript.

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Hjorth, M., Chaput, JP., Ritz, C. et al. Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children. Int J Obes 38, 959–965 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.229

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