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Insulin sensitivity at childhood predicts changes in total and central adiposity over a 6-year period

Abstract

Objective:

To examine the associations of insulin resistance at childhood with adiposity changes over a 6-year period (from 9 to 15 years) in a sample of 659 Swedish and Estonian children (52.7% girls) participating in the European Youth Heart Study.

Research, Design and Methods:

We measured weight, height, waist circumference, biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and medial calf skinfolds, and we calculated body mass index (BMI), sum of five skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Changes in puberty stage, sex, centre and the corresponding baseline adiposity values were used as confounders in all analysis.

Results:

HOMA-IR at childhood was significantly and positively associated with changes in BMI (β=0.265; P=0.024), sum of five skinfolds (β=0.3445; P=0.003), body fat percentage (β=1.042; P=0.016) and waist circumference (β=0.806; P=0.002) from childhood to adolescence. These relationships persisted when overweight children were excluded from the analysis. BMI, sum of five skinfolds, body fat percentage and waist circumference at childhood were not significantly associated with changes in HOMA-IR (P for all >0.1).

Conclusions:

These results give further support to the concept that lower insulin sensitivity at childhood may predict subsequent total and central adiposity gain at adolescence. These findings enhance the role of insulin sensitivity as a target of obesity prevention already from the first decades of life.

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Acknowledgements

The Estonian part of the study was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (core financing SF09427006s06), the Estonian Science Foundation (grant ETF 6788), and by grants from the Estonian Science Foundation (No 6788 and 6932) and from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (No 0180027 and 0942706). The Swedish part of the study was funded by grants from Stockholm County Council and by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS), and by the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20090635), from the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2008-0641), and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010-05957).

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Correspondence to I Labayen.

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Labayen, I., Ruiz, J., Ortega, F. et al. Insulin sensitivity at childhood predicts changes in total and central adiposity over a 6-year period. Int J Obes 35, 1284–1288 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.98

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