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Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of feeding and energy metabolism?

Abstract

The hypothalamus has a critical role in the regulation of feeding behavior, energy metabolism and reproduction. Galanin-like peptide (GALP), a novel 60 amino-acid peptide with a nonamidated C-terminus, was first discovered in porcine hypothalamus. GALP is mainly produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy metabolism, with GALP-containing neurons forming networks with several feeding-regulating peptide-containing neurons. The effects of GALP on food intake and body weight are complex. In rats, the central effect of GALP is to first stimulate and then reduce food intake, whereas in mice, GALP has an anorectic function. Furthermore, GALP regulates plasma luteinizing hormone levels through activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-producing neurons, suggesting that it is also involved in the reproductive system. This review summarizes the research on these topics and discusses current evidence regarding the function of GALP, particularly in relation to feeding and energy metabolism. We also discuss the effects of GALP activity on food intake, body weight and locomotor activity after intranasal infusion, a clinically viable mode of delivery.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Tetsuya Ohtaki of the Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. (Japan) and Ms Sachi Kato for their support in completing this work. We are also grateful to Dr Randeep Rakwal (Showa University) for his help in reading the manuscript. This study was supported, in part, by the High-Technology Research Center Project from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan).

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Shioda, S., Kageyama, H., Takenoya, F. et al. Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of feeding and energy metabolism?. Int J Obes 35, 619–628 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.202

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