Study names
AASK African American study of kidney disease and hypertension
ABCD appropriate blood pressure control in diabetes
ACCESS acute candesartan cilexetil evaluation in stroke survivors
ACCOMPLISH avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension
ACCORD action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes
ACCORD BP action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes blood pressure
ACTION a coronary disease trial investigating outcome with nifedipine
ADVANCE action in diabetes and vascular disease: preterax and diamicron MR-controlled evaluation
ALLHAT antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial
ALTITUDE aliskiren trial in type 2 diabetes using cardiorenal endpoints
ANBP-2 second Australian national blood pressure study
ARIC atherosclerosis risk in communities
ASCOT Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcome trial
ASCOT-BPLA Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial—blood-pressure-lowering arm
ASCOT-LLA Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial—lipid-lowering arm
BAT bleeding with antithrombotic therapy
CAMELOT comparison of amlodipine vs. enalapril to limit occurrences of thrombosis
CAPPP captopril prevention project
CASE-J candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan
Challenge-DM candesartan antihypertensive assessment for long life enrolled by general practitioners-target on hypertension with DM
CHS cardiovascular health study
CIRCS circulatory risk in communities study
CONVINCE controlled onset verapamil investigation of cardiovascular end points
COPE combination therapy of hypertension to prevent cardiovascular events
CREDO-Kyoto coronary revascularization demonstrating outcome study in Kyoto
DASH dietary approaches to stop hypertension
EPOCH-JAPAN evidence for cardiovascular prevention from observational cohorts in Japan
EUROPA European trial on reduction of cardiac events with perindopril in stable coronary artery disease
EWPHE European working party on high blood pressure in the elderly trial
EXCEED Exforge intensive control of hypertension to evaluate efficacy in diastolic dysfunction
FACET fosinopril vs. amlodipine cardiovascular events randomized trial
FEVER felodipine event reduction
GUARD gauging albuminuria reduction with Lotrel in diabetic patients with hypertension
HEP hypertension in elderly patients
HIJ-CREATE Heart institute of Japan candesartan randomized trial for evaluation in coronary artery disease
HOMED BP hypertension objective treatment based on measurement by electrical devices of blood pressure
HOT hypertension optimal treatment
HYVET hypertension in the very elderly trial
IDHOCO international database of home blood pressure in relation to cardiovascular outcome
IDNT irbesartan diabetic nephropathy trial
INNOVATION incipient to overt: angiotensin II receptor blocker, telmisartan, investigation on type 2 diabetic nephropathy
INSIGHT international Nifedipine GITS study: intervention as a goal in hypertension treatment
INTERACT intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral hemorrhage trial
INTERMAP international study of macro- and micronutrients and blood pressure
INTERSALT international study of salt and blood pressure
INVEST international verapamil-trandolapril study
IRMA-2 irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria study
J-HOME Japan home vs. office blood pressure measurement evaluation
J-LIT Japan lipid intervention trial
J-MIND Japan multicenter investigation of antihypertensive treatment for nephropathy in diabetes study
JATOS Japanese trial to assess optimal systolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients
JMIC-B Japan multicenter investigation for cardiovascular disease-B
JPHC Japan public health center-based prospective study
LIFE losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension
MARVAL microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan
MEGA management of elevated cholesterol in the primary prevention group of adult Japanese
MOSES morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention
MRC II medical research council study
NHANES national health and nutrition examination survey
NICS-EH national intervention cooperative study in elderly hypertensives
NIPPON DATA national integrated project for prospective observation of non-communicable disease and its trends in the aged
NORMALISE Norvasc for regression of manifest atherosclerotic lesions by intravascular sonographic evaluation
OmniHeart optimal macronutrient intake trial to prevent heart disease
ONTARGET ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial
OSCAR olmesartan and calcium antagonists randomized study
PATE- Hypertension practitioner's trial on the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment in the elderly hypertension
PET positron emission tomography
PRoFESS prevention regimen for effectively avoiding second strokes
PROGRESS perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study
REIN ramipril efficacy in nephropathy
RENAAL reduction of end points in NIDDM with the angiotensin II antagonist losartan
ROADMAP randomized olmesartan and diabetes microalbuminuria prevention
SAMURAI-ICH stroke acute management with urgent risk-factor assessment and improvement-ICH
SCAST Scandinavian candesartan acute stroke trial
SHEP systolic hypertension in the elderly program
STONE Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly
STOP- Hypertension Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension
Syst-China systolic hypertension in China
Syst-Eur systolic hypertension in Europe
TONE trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly
UKPDS UK prospective diabetes study
VALISH valsartan in elderly isolated systolic hypertension
VALUE valsartan antihypertensive long-term use evaluation
WASID warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease
Technical terms
ABI ankle brachia index
ABPM ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADL activities of daily living
AHI apnea–hypopnea index
AI augmentation index
ARB angiotensin ii receptor blocker
ARC active renin concentration
ARR aldosterone-to-renin ratio
ba PWV brachial-ankle PWV
BDI Beck depression inventory
BMI body mass index
BP blood pressure
BTZ benzothiazepine
CAD coronary artery disease
CAVI cardio-ankle vascular index
CCr creatinine clearance
cf PWV carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity
CKD chronic kidney disease
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COX cyclooxygenase
CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
CRP C-reactive protein
CT computed tomography
CTA computed tomography angiography
CTR cardio-thoracic ratio
CVD cardiovascular disease
CYP cytochrome P450
DBP diastolic blood pressure
DHA docosahexaenoic acid
DHP dihydropyridine
DRI direct renin inhibitor
DSWMH deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
ESRD end-stage renal disease
FMD flow-mediated dilatation
GDS geriatric depression scale
GWAS genome-wide association study
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HELLP hemolysis/elevated liver enzymes/low platelet count
HMG-CoA hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA
ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
ISA intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
MCI mild cognitive impairment
MDCT multi-detector computed tomography
MDRD modification of diet in renal disease
MetS metabolic syndrome
MMSE mini-mental state examination
MRA magnetic resonance angiography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NT-proBNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide
OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
PA primary aldosteronism
PAC plasma aldosterone concentration
PIGF placental growth factor
PN periarteritis nodosa
PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PRA plasma renin activity
PSG polysomnography
PSS progressive systemic sclerosis
PSV peak systolic velocity
PTRA percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty
PVH periventricular hyperintensity
PWV pulse wave velocity
QALY quality-adjusted life year
QOL quality of life
RCT randomized controlled trial
RVHT renovascular hypertension
SBP systolic blood pressure
SFlt soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase
t-PA tissue plasminogen activator
TIA transient ischemic attack
TRAb thyroid receptor antibodies
TSAb thyroid-stimulating antibody
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
URAT 1 urate transporter 1
Organizations
ACSM American college of sports medicine
ADA American diabetes association
AHA American heart association
BHS British hypertension society
ESC European society of cardiology
ESH European society of hypertension
FDA US food and drug administration
IOM institute of medicine
ISH international society of hypertension
JNC joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
JSH Japanese society of hypertension
KDIGO kidney disease∣improving global outcomes
Minds medical information network distribution service
MRC medical research council
NCEP-ATP III third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III)
NGSP national glycohemoglobin standardization program
NICE national institute for health and care excellence
WHO world health organization
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms. Hypertens Res 37, 388–390 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2014.19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2014.19