Abstract
Restriction endonuclease variation in the 12 kb region surrounding the Adh locus was measured in seven Australian and six Chinese populations of Drosophila melanogaster. There is a higher level of nucleotide-substitution variation in the Australian populations than in the Chinese, which is possibly a reflection of their origins. None of the restriction site polymorphisms, nor any of the insertions, showed a significant association with latitude. A 0.2 kb deletion varied with latitude in the Chinese populations. In accordance with previous studies, a majority of the insertions were located in a region 1.5–3.5 kb 3′ from the Adh coding region, and a majority of the deletions were at a site 3 kb 5′ to the Adh coding region. Two of the insertions shared homologies with known mobile elements. Overall, the data suggest that restriction endonuclease variation in the Adh region is not related to the cline in Adhs frequencies.
References
Anderson, D G, and Gibson, J B. 1985. Variation in alcohol dehydrogenase activity in vitro in flies from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica, 67, 13–19.
Aquadro, C R, Deese, S E, Bland, M M, Langley, C F, and Laurie-Ahlberg, C C. 1986. Molecular population genetics of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene region of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 114, 1156–1190.
Ashburner, M, Bodmer, M, and Lemeunier, C. 1984. On the evolution relationship of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Genet, 4, 295–312.
Avery, P J, and Hill, W G. 1979. Distribution of linkage disequilibrium with selection and finite population size. Genet Res Camb, 33, 29–48.
Birley, A J. 1984. Restriction endonuclease map variation and gene activity in the ADH region in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity, 52, 103–112.
Bodmer, M, and Ashburner, M. 1984. Conservation and change in the DNA sequences coding for alcohol dehydrogenase in sibling species of Drosophila. Nature, 309, 425–430.
Boucheton, A, Paro, R, Sang, H M, Pelison, A, and Finnegan, D J. 1984. The molecular basis of I-R hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Identification, cloning, and properties of the I factor. Cell, 38, 153–163.
Chambers, G K, Laver, W G, Campbell, S, and Gibson, J B. 1981. Structural analysis of an electrophoretically cryptic alcohol dehydrogenase variant from an Australian population of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 78, 3103–3107.
Cohe, V H, and Moore, G P. 1988. Organization and evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene in Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Evol, 27, 142–146.
Collet, C. 1988. Recent origin for a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase allele of Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Evol, 27, 142–146.
Cross, S R H, and Birley, A J. 1986. Restriction endonuclease map variation in the Adh region in populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet, 24, 415–433.
David, J R. 1982. Latitudinal variability of Drosophila melanogaster. Allozyme frequencies divergence between European and Afrotropical populations. Biochem Genet, 20, 747–761.
David, J R, and Capy, P. 1988. Genetic variation of Drosophila melanogaster natural populations. Trend Genet, 4, No. 4.
David, J R, Moraga, A A, Borai, F, Capy, P, Mercot, H, McEvey, S F, Serrano, A M, and Tsacas, S. 1989. Latitudinal variation of Adh gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster. a Mediterranean instability. Heredity, 62, 11–16.
Dawid, I B, Long, E O, Di Nocera, P P, and Pardue, M L. 1981. Ribosomal insertion-like element in Drosophila melanogaster are interspersed with mobile sequences. Cell, 25, 399–408.
Endler, J A. 1977. Geographic Variation, Speciation and Clines. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Ewens, W J, Spielman, R S, and Harris, H. 1981. Estimation of genetic variation at the DNA level from restriction endonuclease data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 3748–3750.
Finnegan, D J, Rubin, M, Young, H W, and Hogness, D S. 1978. Repeated gene families in Drosophila melanogaster. Cold Spring Harbour Symp Quant Biol, 42, 1053–1057.
Frischauf, A, Lehrach, H, Poustka, A, and Murray, N. 1983. Lambda replacement vectors carrying polylinker sequences. J Mol Biol, 170, 827–842.
Gibson, J B, Chambers, G K, Wilks, A V, and Oakeshott, J G. 1980. An electrophoretic cryptic alcohol dehydrogenase variant in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Activity ratios, thermostability, genetic localisation and comparison with two other thermostable variants. Aust J Biol Sci, 33, 479–489.
Gibson, J B, and Wilks, A V. 1988. The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster in relation to environmental ethanol, ethanol tolerance and alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Heredity, 60, 403–414.
Goldberg, D A. 1980. Isolation and characterisation of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 77, 5794–5798.
Goldberg, D A, Posakony, J W, and Maniatis, T. 1983. Correct development expression of a cloned alcohol dehydrogenase gene transduced into the Drosophila germ line. Cell, 34, 59–73.
Harada, K, Yukuhiro, K, and Mukai, T. 1990. Transposition rates of movable genetic elements in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 87, 3248–3252.
Hudson, R. 1982. Estimating genetic variability with restriction endonuclease. Genetics, 100, 711–719.
Jiang, C, Gibson, J B, Wilks, A V, and Freeth, A L. 1988. Restriction endonuclease variation in the region of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene: a comparison of null and normal alleles from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity, 60, 101–107.
Jiang, C, Gibson, J B, and Chen, H. 1989. Genetic differentiation in populations of Drosophila melanogaster from the People's Republic of China: comparison with patterns on other continents. Heredity, 62, 193–198.
Johnson, F M, and Shaffer, J E. 1973. Isozyme variability in species of genus Drosophila. VII., Genotype-environment relationship in population of Drosophila melanogaster from the eastern United States. Biochem Genet, 10, 149–163.
Knibb, W R. 1983. Chromosome inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Gametic disequilibria and the contributions of the inversion clines to the ADH and GPDH allozyme clines in Australia. Genetica, 61, 139–146.
Kreitman, M. 1983. Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase gene region of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, 304, 412–417.
Kreitman, M, and Aquade, M. 1986a. Genetic uniformity in two populations of Drosophila melanogaster as revealed by filter hybridization of four-nucleotide restriction enzyme digest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, 3562–3566.
Kreitman, M, and Aquade, M. 1986b. Excess polymorphism at the Adh locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 114, 93–110.
Lachaise, D, Cariou, M L, David, J R, Lemeunier, F, Tsacas, L, and Ashburner, M. 1988. Historical biogeography of Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Evol Biol, 22, 159–216.
Langley, C H, Montgomery, E A, and Quattlebaum, W F. 1982. Restriction map variation in the Adh region of Drosophila. Proc, Natl Acad Sci USA, 79, 5631–5635.
Lewontin, R C. 1974. Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. Columbia University Press, New York.
Lindsley, D L, and Grell, E H. 1968. Genetic variation of Drosophila melanogaster. Carn Inst Wash Pub, No. 627.
Mettler, L E, Voelker, R A, and Mukai, T. 1977. Inversion clines in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 87, 169–176.
Nei, M, and Tajima, F. 1981. DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonuclease. Genetics, 97, 145–163.
Oakeshott, J G, Gibson, J B, Anderson, P R, Knibb, W R, Anderson, D G, and Chambers, G K. 1982. Alcohol dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase clines in Drosophila melanogaster on different continents. Evolution, 36, 86–96.
Oakeshott, J G, Wilson, S R, and Knibb, W R. 1988. Selection affecting enzyme polymorphism in enclosed Drosophila populations in a natural environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85, 293–297.
O'Hare, K, and Rubin, G M. 1983. Structure of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Cell, 34, 25–25.
Posakony, J W, Fischer, J, and Maniatis, T. 1985. Identification of DNA sequences required for the regulation of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression. Cold Spring Harbour Symp Quant Biol, 50, 515–520.
Rigby, P W J, Dieckmann, M, Rhodes, C, and Berg, P. 1977. Labelling DNA to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol 113, 237–251.
Rubin, G M, Brorein, W J, Dunsmuir, P. JR. Flavell, A J, Levis, R, Strobel, E, Toole, J J, and Young, E. 1981. Copia-like transposable elements in the Drosophila genome. Cold Spring Harbour Symp Quant Biol, 45, 619–628.
Rubin, G M, Kidwell, M G, and Bingham, P M. 1982. The molecular basis of P-M hybrid dysgenesis: the nature of induced mutations. Cell, 29, 987–994.
Rubin, G M. 1983. Dispersed repetitive DNAs in Drosophila. In: Shapiro, J. A. (ed.), Genetic Mobile Elements. Academic Press, New York, pp. 329–361.
Scherer, G, Tschudi, C, Perera, J, Delius, H, and Pirrotta, V. 1982. B104, a new dispersed repeated gene family in Drosophila melanogaster and its anologics with retroviruses, J Mol Biol, 157, 435–451.
Simmons, G R, Kreitman, M E, Quattlebaum, W F, and Miyashita, N. 1989. Molecular analysis of the alleles of alcohol dehydrogenase along a cline in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Maine, North Carolina and Florida. Evolution, 43 (2), 393–409.
Singh, R S, Hicky, D A, and David, J. 1982. Genetic differentiation between geographically distant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 101, 236–256.
Van Delden, W. 1983. The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. Evol Biol, 15, 187–222.
Voelker, R A, Cockerham, C C, Johnson, F M, Schaffer, H E, Mukai, T, and Mettler, L E. 1978. Inversions fail to account for allozyme clines. Genetics, 88, 515–527.
Wensink, P C, Tabata, S, and Pachl, C. 1979. The clustered and scrambled arrangement of moderately repetitive elements in Drosophila DNA. Cell, 18, 1231–1246.
Wilks, A V, Gibson, J B, Oakeshott, J G, and Chambers, G K. 1980. An electrophoretically cryptic alcohol dehydrogenase variant in Drosophila melanogaster. II Post-electrophoresis heat treatment screening of natural populations. Aust J Biol Sci, 33, 575–585.
Woodruff, R C, and Ashburner, M. 1979. The genetics of a small autosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster containing the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. II. Lethal mutation in the region. Genetics, 92, 133–149.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chengshan Jiang, J., Gibson, J. The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: restriction map variation in the region of the Adh locus in populations from two hemispheres. Heredity 68, 1–14 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1992.1
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1992.1
Keywords
- alcohol dehydrogenase
- D. melanogaster
- polymorphism
- restriction enzymes