Article PDF
References
Bainbridge LC . Comparison of room temperature and body temperature local anaesthetic solutions. Br J Plast Surg 1991;44:147–8.
Cragg AH, Berbaum K, Smith TP . A prospective blinded trial of warm and cold lidocaine for intradermal injection. AJR 1988;150:1183–4.
Boggia R . Heating local anaesthetic cartridges. Br Dent J 1967;122:287.
Davidson JAH, Boom SJ . Warming lignocaine to reduce pain associated with injection. BMJ 1992;305:617–8.
Alonso PE, Perula LA, Rioja LF . Pain-temperature relation in the application of local anaesthesia. Br J Plast Surg 1993;46:76–8.
Kamaya H, Hayes JJ, Ueda I . Dissociation constants of local anesthetics and their temperature dependence. Anesth Analg 1983;62:1025–30.
Lim ETM, Chong KY, Singh B, Jong W . Use of warm local anaesthetic solutions for caudal blocks. Anaesth Intens Care 1992;20:453–5.
Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S . Pain reduction in local anaesthetic administration through pH buffering. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:117–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fuller, J., Pitts, J. & Koornneef, L. A simple method of warming local anaesthetic solutions. Eye 9, 809–810 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1995.204
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1995.204
This article is cited by
-
Evaluation of effect of warm local anesthetics on pain perception during dental injections in children: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial
Clinical Oral Investigations (2020)