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Body mass index in dementia

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 68, pages 1204–1209 (2014)Cite this article

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Abstract

This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dementia. The association between BMI and cognition is complex: in younger adults, higher BMIs are associated with impaired cognition. Overweight and obesity in middle age are linked to increased future dementia risk in old age. However, when examined in old age, higher BMIs are associated with better cognition and decreased mortality. Little is known about the optimal BMI for well-being and survival in populations already suffering from dementia. Lifetime trends in weight, rather than single measures, might predict prognosis better and help untangle these apparent contradictions. Thus, the need arises to properly monitor BMI trends in affected dementia patients. Registries can include BMI, improving the management of dementia patients throughout the whole course of the disease. The role of central obesity and systemic inflammation on brain pathology and cognitive decline are discussed in this review. Understanding the life-course changes in BMI and their influence on dementia risk, cognitive prognosis and mortality after diagnosis may provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of dementia and shape possible intervention and treatment strategies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Swedish research council, the Swedish Brain Power consortium, the Swedish Society of Medicine and Foundation for Geriatric Diseases at Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Dementia Foundation, Alzheimerfonden and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    S García-Ptacek & M Eriksdotter

  2. Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

    S García-Ptacek

  3. Department of Neurobiology, Clinical Nutrition, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden

    G Faxén-Irving

  4. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    G Faxén-Irving

  5. Department of Neurobiology, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    P Čermáková & D Religa

  6. International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic

    P Čermáková

  7. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    M Eriksdotter & D Religa

  8. Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    D Religa

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García-Ptacek, S., Faxén-Irving, G., Čermáková, P. et al. Body mass index in dementia. Eur J Clin Nutr 68, 1204–1209 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.199

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