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Epidemiology

Dietary associations with prediabetic states—The DR's EXTRA Study (ISRCTN45977199)

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 66, pages 819–824 (2012)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background/objectives:

Impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) predict development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but display different pathophysiology for T2D. We studied the association of selected food items and nutrients with IFG, IGT and combined IFG and IGT (IFG+IGT), independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max).

Subjects/methods:

In a population-based sample of 1261 individuals, aged 58–78 years, we identified 126 subjects with IFG, 97 with IGT and 49 with simultaneous IFG and IGT by an oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary intake was assessed by 4-day food records. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by defining maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from respiratory gas analysis during a maximal symptom-limited exercise stress test on a bicycle ergometer.

Results:

Increased intake of saturated fat was associated with higher odds for IFG (OR 1.07; 1.01–1.14) after adjustment for age, gender, VO2max and energy misreporting variable. Consumption of additional whole-grain bread (50 g/1000 kcal) and intake of dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal) were inversely associated with IGT (OR 0.61; 0.41–0.92, OR 0.91; CI 0.85–0.97, respectively).

Conclusion:

Dietary fiber and sources of cereal fiber are negatively associated with IGT, and saturated fat intake is positively associated with IFG, but not with IGT. The present data give practical dietary means at the population level for the elimination of prediabetic conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The DR's EXTRA Study was supported by grants to R Rauramaa by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland (722 and 627; 2004-2011), Academy of Finland (102318, 104943, 123885), Kuopio University Hospital, Finnish Diabetes Association, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation and by grants from European Commission FP6 Integrated Project (EXGENESIS); LSHM-CT-2004-005272, City of Kuopio and Social Insurance Institution of Finland (4/26/2010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

    H M Heikkilä, B Krachler, R Männikkö & R Rauramaa

  2. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

    H M Heikkilä & R Rauramaa

  3. School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland

    U Schwab

  4. Institute of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

    U Schwab

  5. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden

    B Krachler

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  1. H M Heikkilä
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Correspondence to R Rauramaa.

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Heikkilä, H., Schwab, U., Krachler, B. et al. Dietary associations with prediabetic states—The DR's EXTRA Study (ISRCTN45977199). Eur J Clin Nutr 66, 819–824 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.23

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