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Epidemiology

Mediterranean dietary pattern and prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-aged women: results from a large community-based prospective study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 67, pages 75–82 (2013)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background/objectives:

To investigate the association between dietary patterns and prevalence and incidence 3 years later of depressive symptoms using data from the mid-aged cohort in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health.

Subjects/methods:

Participants (aged 50–55 years) completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2001. Depressive symptoms were measured in 2001 and 2004 using the validated 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Multiple logistic regression was used for cross-sectional analysis (8369 women) and longitudinal analysis (7588) to assess the associations between dietary patterns and prevalence of depressive symptoms, and then for longitudinal analysis (6060) on their associations with the incidence of depressive symptoms in 2004, while adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Results:

Six dietary patterns were identified from factor analysis: cooked vegetables, fruit, Mediterranean style, meat and processed meat, dairy, and high fat and sugar. A higher consumption of the Mediterranean-style diet had a cross-sectional association with lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in 2001, adjusted odds ratio 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.77–0.88); and longitudinally with lower incidence of depressive symptoms in 2004, adjusted odds ratio 0.83 (0.75–0.91). None of the associations found for other dietary patterns remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders. A dose–response relationship was found cross-sectionally when women were grouped according to quintiles of Mediterranean-style diet (P-value for trend <0.001).

Conclusions:

Consumption of a ‘Mediterranean-style’ dietary pattern by mid-aged women may have a protective influence against the onset of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that dietary patterns have a potential role in the prevention and management of depressive symptoms.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Graham Giles of the Cancer Epidemiology Centre of The Cancer Council Victoria for permission to use the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies (Version 2), Melbourne: the Cancer Council Victoria, 1996. We also thank all the participants for their valuable contribution to this project. The Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing provided funding for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. GDM is supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    J Rienks

  2. School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    J Rienks, A J Dobson & G D Mishra

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  1. J Rienks
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  2. A J Dobson
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  3. G D Mishra
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Correspondence to G D Mishra.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Contributors: JR was responsible for statistical analysis, interpretation and presentation of data, and drafted the manuscript. AJD and GDM contributed to the study design, statistical analysis, interpretation of the data, and contributed a critical revision of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version.

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Rienks, J., Dobson, A. & Mishra, G. Mediterranean dietary pattern and prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-aged women: results from a large community-based prospective study. Eur J Clin Nutr 67, 75–82 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.193

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.193

Keywords

  • prospective cohort studies
  • depression
  • dietary pattern
  • Mediterranean diet

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