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Relationships between insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle mass and muscle quality in obese adolescent boys

Abstract

We examined the relationships between insulin sensitivity (IS), skeletal muscle (SM) mass and SM quality in youth. Forty obese adolescent boys (body mass index 95th percentile, 12–18 years) participated in this study. IS and glucose tolerance was measured by a 3 h hyperinsulinemic−euglycemic clamp and a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total SM mass and intermusular adipose tissue (IMAT) by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, and muscular strength by one-repetition maximum leg and bench press. IMAT was associated (P<0.05) with IS (r=−0.53) and OGTT-insulin area under the curve (AUC; r=0.31). Similarly, muscular strength was associated (P<0.05) with both IS (r=0.39) and OGTT-insulin AUC (r=−0.32). By contrast, total SM mass was not associated with IS or any OGTT parameters (P>0.1). After accounting for race and tanner stage, IMAT and muscular strength remained significantly associated with IS, together explaining a total of 41% of the variance in IS. Our findings suggest that SM quality, but not SM mass, is associated with IS in obese adolescent boys.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by grants 7-08-JF-27 (Lee, American Diabetes Association Junior Faculty Award), Department of Defense (Lee and Arslanian), Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Cochrane-Weber Foundation (Lee) and UL1 RR024153 CTSA. The authors express their gratitude to the study participants and their parents, to Nancy Guerra and the PCTRC nursing staff for their excellent contributions. This work was presented at the Obesity Society Annual Meeting, October 1–5, 2011 in Orlando, FL, USA.

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Correspondence to S Lee.

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Lee, S., Kim, Y., White, D. et al. Relationships between insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle mass and muscle quality in obese adolescent boys. Eur J Clin Nutr 66, 1366–1368 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.142

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