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Adequate iodine nutrition in Sweden: a cross-sectional national study of urinary iodine concentration in school-age children

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 63, pages 828–834 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Background/Objectives:

Sweden has a long-standing salt iodization program; however, its effects on iodine intake have never been monitored on a national level. The objective of this study was to evaluate iodine nutrition in the Swedish population by measuring the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in a national sample of Swedish school-age (6–12 years of age) children.

Subjects/Methods:

A stratified probability proportionate to size cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative national sample of school-age children from 30 clusters. Spot urine samples were collected for UIC analysis using a modified Sandell–Kolthoff method.

Results:

The median UIC of the children (n=857) was 125 μg/l (range 11–757 μg/l). The proportion of children with a UIC <100 μg/l was 30.0% and the proportion of children with a UIC <50 and >300 μg/l was 5.5 and 3.0%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The iodine nutritional status of the Swedish population is adequate. Iodized table salt remains the main dietary source of iodine in Swedish diet. Recommendations to reduce total salt intake in the population urge increased use of iodized salt in the production of processed foods. Pregnant and lactating women with high iodine requirements may still be at risk for low iodine intake. This study will serve as the basis for future monitoring of iodine nutritional status in Sweden.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the headmasters, teachers, nurses and children in the participating schools. The support of Å Bruce at the National Food Administration, Uppsala, is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank MB Zimmermann at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich for technical guidance. This study was supported by Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    M Andersson

  2. Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    G Berg

  3. Department of Primary Health Care, Mölnlycke Primary Health Care and Research Centre, Mölnlycke, Sweden

    R Eggertsen & M Milakovic

  4. Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    H Filipsson & E Nyström

  5. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    E Gramatkovski & L Hulthén

  6. Department of Radiation Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    M Hansson

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Correspondence to M Andersson.

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Guarantor: E Nyström.

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Andersson, M., Berg, G., Eggertsen, R. et al. Adequate iodine nutrition in Sweden: a cross-sectional national study of urinary iodine concentration in school-age children. Eur J Clin Nutr 63, 828–834 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2008.46

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