Leading 200 institutions
The leading 200 institutions ranked by article Share (Share) in affordable and clean energy related-output between 2015 and 2021. Also listed are each institution's energy article count (Count), proportion of energy Share relative to total Share (Energy %) and percentage of internationally collaborative articles (International articles %) in the field.
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| 1 | Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) | China | 1,030.99 | 2,857 | 8.5% | 44.3% |
| 2 | Tsinghua University | China | 291.32 | 816 | 11.0% | 46.1% |
| 3 | University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) | China | 265.51 | 681 | 10.2% | 38.3% |
| 4 | Peking University (PKU) | China | 227.15 | 799 | 7.7% | 39.8% |
| 5 | Stanford University | United States of America (USA) | 219.63 | 506 | 5.0% | 57.9% |
| 6 | Soochow University | China | 208.07 | 358 | 16.0% | 42.5% |
| 7 | Nanyang Technological University (NTU) | Singapore | 199.62 | 405 | 12.1% | 79.0% |
| 8 | Nanjing University (NJU) | China | 177.11 | 390 | 6.7% | 46.7% |
| 9 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) | United States of America (USA) | 171.49 | 392 | 4.4% | 56.4% |
| 10 | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) | China | 168.51 | 929 | 7.6% | 35.0% |
| 11 | Nankai University (NKU) | China | 164.80 | 370 | 11.5% | 34.3% |
| 12 | Fudan University | China | 163.30 | 333 | 9.1% | 41.4% |
| 13 | Max Planck Society | Germany | 154.52 | 460 | 2.9% | 79.6% |
| 14 | Zhejiang University (ZJU) | China | 145.54 | 326 | 7.0% | 51.5% |
| 15 | National University of Singapore (NUS) | Singapore | 138.96 | 338 | 8.0% | 71.9% |
| 16 | The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) | United States of America (USA) | 138.26 | 265 | 7.6% | 55.5% |
| 17 | French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) | France | 128.43 | 777 | 2.5% | 80.8% |
| 18 | Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) | United States of America (USA) | 125.23 | 412 | 11.6% | 83.5% |
| 19 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) | China | 125.03 | 317 | 8.2% | 56.2% |
| 20 | University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP) | United States of America (USA) | 124.56 | 250 | 10.3% | 48.0% |
| 21 | University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) | United States of America (USA) | 121.15 | 449 | 4.4% | 54.8% |
| 22 | Tianjin University (TJU) | China | 116.68 | 352 | 13.2% | 46.9% |
| 23 | Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres | Germany | 113.43 | 486 | 3.0% | 78.4% |
| 24 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom (UK) | 112.52 | 287 | 3.7% | 81.2% |
| 25 | Jilin University (JLU) | China | 110.40 | 236 | 11.7% | 43.6% |
| 26 | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) | United States of America (USA) | 108.34 | 445 | 8.7% | 56.0% |
| 27 | Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) | China | 108.06 | 236 | 7.4% | 35.6% |
| 28 | Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) | China | 107.73 | 216 | 15.4% | 50.9% |
| 29 | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) | Saudi Arabia | 106.08 | 210 | 14.4% | 76.7% |
| 30 | Northwestern University (NU) | United States of America (USA) | 105.86 | 239 | 4.9% | 47.3% |
| 31 | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) | United States of America (USA) | 103.99 | 256 | 6.2% | 51.6% |
| 32 | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) | United States of America (USA) | 102.50 | 262 | 4.4% | 66.0% |
| 33 | Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) | China | 101.88 | 246 | 14.7% | 58.5% |
| 34 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) | China | 101.73 | 267 | 10.1% | 45.7% |
| 35 | Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) | United States of America (USA) | 99.80 | 390 | 12.5% | 56.9% |
| 36 | Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) | China | 94.28 | 202 | 18.1% | 29.7% |
| 37 | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) | South Korea | 94.08 | 181 | 8.1% | 45.3% |
| 38 | Harvard University | United States of America (USA) | 93.73 | 258 | 1.5% | 61.6% |
| 39 | Beihang University (BUAA) | China | 92.72 | 220 | 19.2% | 46.4% |
| 40 | The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) | United States of America (USA) | 91.48 | 222 | 6.3% | 54.5% |
| 41 | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) | South Korea | 89.26 | 169 | 17.0% | 46.2% |
| 42 | Dalian University of Technology (DUT) | China | 89.26 | 159 | 15.2% | 47.2% |
| 43 | University of Michigan (U-M) | United States of America (USA) | 88.80 | 223 | 3.6% | 44.4% |
| 44 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) | Switzerland | 88.33 | 178 | 5.3% | 73.0% |
| 45 | South China University of Technology (SCUT) | China | 87.84 | 197 | 11.7% | 40.1% |
| 46 | Xiamen University (XMU) | China | 85.06 | 218 | 7.6% | 50.5% |
| 47 | The University of Tokyo (UTokyo) | Japan | 84.29 | 218 | 2.6% | 44.5% |
| 48 | Hunan University (HNU) | China | 84.22 | 155 | 9.8% | 45.2% |
| 49 | City University of Hong Kong (CityU) | China | 82.73 | 217 | 18.2% | 40.6% |
| 50 | Wuhan University (WHU) | China | 79.57 | 171 | 6.3% | 43.3% |
| 51 | Cornell University | United States of America (USA) | 76.81 | 195 | 3.8% | 46.2% |
| 52 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) | Switzerland | 76.44 | 195 | 2.8% | 77.4% |
| 53 | Seoul National University (SNU) | South Korea | 76.11 | 170 | 6.2% | 48.8% |
| 54 | Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) | China | 75.91 | 167 | 15.8% | 43.1% |
| 55 | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) | United States of America (USA) | 75.68 | 204 | 11.4% | 47.5% |
| 56 | Yale University | United States of America (USA) | 75.61 | 185 | 3.2% | 58.9% |
| 57 | Shandong University (SDU) | China | 73.61 | 170 | 8.8% | 35.3% |
| 58 | Central South University (CSU) | China | 71.15 | 148 | 15.7% | 48.6% |
| 59 | Wuhan University of Technology (WUT) | China | 70.28 | 158 | 28.9% | 60.1% |
| 60 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom (UK) | 69.54 | 184 | 2.2% | 76.6% |
| 61 | University of Wollongong (UOW) | Australia | 68.63 | 194 | 30.8% | 91.8% |
| 62 | Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) | China | 66.26 | 143 | 13.5% | 53.1% |
| 63 | University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) | China | 66.06 | 165 | 18.8% | 41.8% |
| 64 | Sichuan University (SCU) | China | 65.45 | 143 | 5.4% | 58.0% |
| 65 | University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) | United States of America (USA) | 63.34 | 147 | 2.7% | 51.0% |
| 66 | University of Toronto (U of T) | Canada | 63.25 | 129 | 2.9% | 78.3% |
| 67 | Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) | United States of America (USA) | 63.12 | 224 | 8.6% | 57.1% |
| 68 | University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney) | Australia | 62.63 | 160 | 6.9% | 76.9% |
| 69 | University of Washington (UW) | United States of America (USA) | 61.45 | 175 | 3.1% | 66.3% |
| 70 | Purdue University | United States of America (USA) | 61.01 | 142 | 5.9% | 60.6% |
| 71 | Rice University | United States of America (USA) | 60.30 | 144 | 7.8% | 55.6% |
| 72 | Tongji University | China | 60.24 | 184 | 8.5% | 51.6% |
| 73 | Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) | South Korea | 58.56 | 138 | 10.4% | 49.3% |
| 74 | Imperial College London (ICL) | United Kingdom (UK) | 56.75 | 198 | 3.5% | 82.3% |
| 75 | National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) | Japan | 56.38 | 185 | 9.5% | 74.6% |
| 76 | University of Waterloo | Canada | 55.06 | 113 | 10.8% | 76.1% |
| 77 | Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) | China | 54.80 | 172 | 6.9% | 54.1% |
| 78 | University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison) | United States of America (USA) | 53.96 | 146 | 3.3% | 55.5% |
| 79 | The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) | China | 53.46 | 141 | 6.8% | 39.0% |
| 80 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) | United States of America (USA) | 53.07 | 191 | 2.6% | 58.6% |
| 81 | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) | China | 53.04 | 153 | 19.8% | 60.1% |
| 82 | Chongqing University (CQU) | China | 51.99 | 130 | 12.4% | 54.6% |
| 83 | East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) | China | 51.80 | 108 | 7.2% | 45.4% |
| 84 | Zhengzhou University (ZZU) | China | 51.68 | 231 | 11.8% | 40.3% |
| 85 | Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) | United States of America (USA) | 50.55 | 201 | 10.0% | 59.7% |
| 86 | TU Dresden | Germany | 50.35 | 148 | 8.0% | 73.6% |
| 87 | Beijing Normal University (BNU) | China | 50.13 | 161 | 7.0% | 47.8% |
| 88 | Donghua University (DHU) | China | 50.07 | 112 | 22.8% | 56.3% |
| 89 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) | China | 50.01 | 154 | 16.5% | 37.0% |
| 90 | Columbia University in the City of New York (CU) | United States of America (USA) | 49.97 | 133 | 2.3% | 57.9% |
| 91 | Texas A&M University (TAMU) | United States of America (USA) | 49.30 | 116 | 4.5% | 49.1% |
| 92 | Princeton University | United States of America (USA) | 48.79 | 119 | 2.7% | 53.8% |
| 93 | The University of Queensland (UQ) | Australia | 48.75 | 142 | 5.0% | 75.4% |
| 94 | Kyoto University | Japan | 48.50 | 150 | 2.5% | 49.3% |
| 95 | Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST) | China | 48.01 | 91 | 18.2% | 39.6% |
| 96 | Shenzhen University (SZU) | China | 46.55 | 169 | 12.2% | 50.9% |
| 97 | Fuzhou University (FZU) | China | 44.65 | 85 | 10.7% | 31.8% |
| 98 | Monash University | Australia | 43.55 | 129 | 4.9% | 70.5% |
| 99 | University of Southern California (USC) | United States of America (USA) | 43.18 | 88 | 4.5% | 55.7% |
| 100 | Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) | United States of America (USA) | 42.84 | 146 | 6.4% | 52.7% |
| 101 | Hanyang University (HYU) | South Korea | 42.60 | 96 | 13.3% | 58.3% |
| 102 | Shanghai University (SHU) | China | 42.54 | 111 | 12.7% | 56.8% |
| 103 | Southeast University (SEU) | China | 42.50 | 97 | 8.2% | 43.3% |
| 104 | University of Colorado Boulder (CU-Boulder) | United States of America (USA) | 42.47 | 151 | 3.4% | 55.0% |
| 105 | University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) | United States of America (USA) | 41.79 | 135 | 3.0% | 56.3% |
| 106 | Leibniz Association | Germany | 41.28 | 173 | 2.9% | 78.0% |
| 107 | Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) | South Korea | 41.03 | 117 | 6.1% | 49.6% |
| 108 | Yonsei University | South Korea | 40.83 | 96 | 6.4% | 50.0% |
| 109 | Korea University | South Korea | 40.43 | 125 | 8.9% | 46.4% |
| 110 | University of Minnesota (UMN) | United States of America (USA) | 40.18 | 101 | 2.6% | 48.5% |
| 111 | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) | Japan | 39.30 | 124 | 7.9% | 60.5% |
| 112 | Technical University of Denmark (DTU) | Denmark | 38.85 | 95 | 7.2% | 78.9% |
| 113 | Lanzhou University (LZU) | China | 38.76 | 84 | 4.7% | 35.7% |
| 114 | Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU) | Germany | 38.07 | 113 | 3.0% | 74.3% |
| 115 | The Ohio State University (OSU) | United States of America (USA) | 37.56 | 81 | 3.6% | 42.0% |
| 116 | North Carolina State University (NCSU) | United States of America (USA) | 37.24 | 107 | 6.1% | 49.5% |
| 117 | Drexel University | United States of America (USA) | 36.31 | 93 | 19.2% | 63.4% |
| 118 | Osaka University | Japan | 36.19 | 82 | 2.7% | 48.8% |
| 119 | Duke University | United States of America (USA) | 35.68 | 105 | 2.5% | 61.0% |
| 120 | Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) | United States of America (USA) | 35.66 | 71 | 6.8% | 45.1% |
| 121 | National Taiwan University (NTU) | Taiwan | 35.54 | 99 | 5.7% | 64.6% |
| 122 | Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) | China | 35.20 | 129 | 17.2% | 53.5% |
| 123 | Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) | United States of America (USA) | 34.69 | 78 | 7.2% | 39.7% |
| 124 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | United States of America (USA) | 34.67 | 174 | 3.9% | 59.2% |
| 125 | The University of Manchester (UoM) | United Kingdom (UK) | 34.39 | 107 | 3.2% | 73.8% |
| 126 | University of California, Riverside (UCR) | United States of America (USA) | 34.12 | 78 | 4.7% | 48.7% |
| 127 | The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) | United States of America (USA) | 33.72 | 74 | 2.7% | 54.1% |
| 128 | University of Pennsylvania (Penn) | United States of America (USA) | 33.66 | 79 | 1.6% | 50.6% |
| 129 | Tohoku University | Japan | 33.45 | 91 | 3.0% | 61.5% |
| 130 | The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) | China | 33.24 | 128 | 5.6% | 35.9% |
| 131 | Uppsala University (UU) | Sweden | 33.24 | 88 | 4.7% | 79.5% |
| 132 | Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) | Netherlands | 33.13 | 85 | 5.6% | 82.4% |
| 133 | China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) | China | 33.12 | 97 | 14.8% | 44.3% |
| 134 | U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) | United States of America (USA) | 33.07 | 134 | 5.5% | 38.1% |
| 135 | Henan University (HENU) | China | 33.01 | 57 | 15.0% | 42.1% |
| 136 | Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) | South Korea | 32.55 | 123 | 11.7% | 40.7% |
| 137 | Southwest University (SWU) | China | 32.05 | 51 | 7.1% | 23.5% |
| 138 | Nanjing Normal University (NNU) | China | 31.92 | 74 | 11.5% | 47.3% |
| 139 | Technical University of Munich (TUM) | Germany | 31.88 | 104 | 3.1% | 79.8% |
| 140 | Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) | Singapore | 31.69 | 140 | 6.1% | 79.3% |
| 141 | National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) | United States of America (USA) | 31.69 | 93 | 16.6% | 37.6% |
| 142 | Oregon State University | United States of America (USA) | 31.58 | 70 | 8.7% | 42.9% |
| 143 | National Research Council (CNR) | Italy | 31.39 | 159 | 4.0% | 84.9% |
| 144 | East China Normal University (ECNU) | China | 30.95 | 92 | 4.1% | 45.7% |
| 145 | Northeast Normal University (NENU) | China | 30.93 | 57 | 10.3% | 42.1% |
| 146 | University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) | Germany | 30.73 | 90 | 4.7% | 78.9% |
| 147 | University of California, Irvine (UCI) | United States of America (USA) | 30.53 | 93 | 2.8% | 57.0% |
| 148 | Ghent University (UGent) | Belgium | 30.49 | 64 | 5.8% | 79.7% |
| 149 | Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) | Spain | 29.97 | 157 | 2.0% | 86.0% |
| 150 | Arizona State University (ASU) | United States of America (USA) | 29.61 | 99 | 4.1% | 55.6% |
| 151 | UCL | United Kingdom (UK) | 29.17 | 130 | 2.0% | 81.5% |
| 152 | The University of Adelaide (Adelaide Uni) | Australia | 29.01 | 77 | 10.6% | 85.7% |
| 153 | Institute for Basic Science (IBS) | South Korea | 28.75 | 125 | 5.1% | 49.6% |
| 154 | University of Technology Sydney (UTS) | Australia | 28.73 | 67 | 19.3% | 85.1% |
| 155 | Kyushu University | Japan | 28.70 | 78 | 4.1% | 67.9% |
| 156 | University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) | United States of America (USA) | 28.64 | 106 | 6.1% | 33.0% |
| 157 | Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) | United States of America (USA) | 28.41 | 58 | 2.0% | 32.8% |
| 158 | Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) | Russia | 28.37 | 113 | 2.1% | 81.4% |
| 159 | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) | United States of America (USA) | 27.98 | 72 | 8.6% | 55.6% |
| 160 | Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT) | Israel | 27.92 | 55 | 3.8% | 60.0% |
| 161 | Linköping University (LiU) | Sweden | 27.91 | 74 | 10.9% | 83.8% |
| 162 | Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) | Germany | 27.71 | 78 | 6.5% | 64.1% |
| 163 | Beijing University of Technology (BJUT) | China | 27.49 | 67 | 14.5% | 55.2% |
| 164 | Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT) | China | 27.25 | 62 | 11.3% | 58.1% |
| 165 | RIKEN | Japan | 26.91 | 106 | 2.5% | 57.5% |
| 166 | The University of Chicago (UChicago) | United States of America (USA) | 26.66 | 130 | 1.7% | 46.2% |
| 167 | The University of British Columbia (UBC) | Canada | 26.14 | 78 | 2.7% | 66.7% |
| 168 | Western University (UWO) | Canada | 25.31 | 57 | 7.8% | 84.2% |
| 169 | South China Normal University (SCNU) | China | 24.83 | 76 | 10.7% | 53.9% |
| 170 | University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) | United States of America (USA) | 24.66 | 66 | 2.4% | 66.7% |
| 171 | Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT) | China | 24.20 | 64 | 17.0% | 40.6% |
| 172 | University of Alberta (U of A) | Canada | 23.97 | 56 | 3.4% | 71.4% |
| 173 | The University of Warwick (Warwick) | United Kingdom (UK) | 23.87 | 51 | 4.6% | 51.0% |
| 174 | Brown University | United States of America (USA) | 23.76 | 64 | 4.0% | 59.4% |
| 175 | Hokkaido University | Japan | 23.70 | 58 | 2.9% | 50.0% |
| 176 | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | India | 23.44 | 47 | 4.0% | 27.7% |
| 177 | University of Houston (UH) | United States of America (USA) | 23.33 | 66 | 5.7% | 53.0% |
| 178 | Jinan University (JNU) | China | 23.23 | 61 | 6.9% | 39.3% |
| 179 | Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers) | Sweden | 23.23 | 61 | 6.5% | 80.3% |
| 180 | Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) | Spain | 23.21 | 79 | 3.1% | 82.3% |
| 181 | Vanderbilt University (VU) | United States of America (USA) | 23.03 | 52 | 2.7% | 50.0% |
| 182 | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (RU) | United States of America (USA) | 22.94 | 62 | 2.5% | 59.7% |
| 183 | The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) | France | 22.74 | 172 | 3.3% | 80.2% |
| 184 | Johns Hopkins University (JHU) | United States of America (USA) | 22.63 | 73 | 1.2% | 53.4% |
| 185 | Qingdao University (QU) | China | 22.59 | 67 | 16.6% | 47.8% |
| 186 | Michigan State University (MSU) | United States of America (USA) | 22.59 | 93 | 4.0% | 55.9% |
| 187 | Australian National University (ANU) | Australia | 22.53 | 64 | 3.3% | 82.8% |
| 188 | Nanchang University (NCU) | China | 22.41 | 46 | 11.1% | 32.6% |
| 189 | Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) | China | 22.36 | 52 | 7.4% | 36.5% |
| 190 | Deakin University | Australia | 22.35 | 47 | 20.6% | 70.2% |
| 191 | University of Notre Dame (ND) | United States of America (USA) | 22.05 | 49 | 4.9% | 55.1% |
| 192 | University of Connecticut (UConn) | United States of America (USA) | 21.86 | 52 | 5.2% | 40.4% |
| 193 | National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) | United States of America (USA) | 21.78 | 79 | 3.4% | 43.0% |
| 194 | University of California, Davis (UC Davis) | United States of America (USA) | 21.73 | 72 | 1.9% | 52.8% |
| 195 | Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) | Netherlands | 21.64 | 53 | 4.9% | 64.2% |
| 196 | Aarhus University (AU) | Denmark | 21.51 | 46 | 3.4% | 73.9% |
| 197 | Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) | Japan | 21.25 | 63 | 2.2% | 44.4% |
| 198 | The University of Sydney (USYD) | Australia | 21.09 | 67 | 3.9% | 85.1% |
| 199 | University of Delaware (UD) | United States of America (USA) | 21.05 | 74 | 5.4% | 58.1% |
| 200 | Nagoya University | Japan | 20.74 | 59 | 2.2% | 39.0% |