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The presence of autoantibodies is usually a red flag, indicating a damaging B cell response against healthy tissues. But London, UK-based Alchemab Therapeutics is turning this paradigm on its head, looking instead for instances in which autoantibodies are actually fighting disease. “Our hypothesis is that, at least in some cases, people have protective autoantibodies that are providing them with some disease resilience,” explains Jane Osbourn, the company’s CSO and co-founder.