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Closed-loop neuromodulation systems aim to treat disease by electrical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system in response to physiological changes. Mickel et al. have now developed a wireless, implantable bio-optoelectronics system, which enables closed-loop optogenetic control of bladder function. The device combines a strain gauge that encircles the bladder to monitor bladder filling and voiding with microscale light-emitting diodes to control inhibitory opsins expressed virally in bladder sensory afferents, wirelessly controlled through a module inserted into the abdomen. The system recognized and attenuated abnormal voiding patterns in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats. Meanwhile, Zhou et al. describe a wireless artefact-free neuromodulation device capable of closed-loop recording and electrical stimulation on 128 channels, which can detect neural biomarkers and automatically adjust stimulation parameters, for potential applications in neurological disorders. Implantation of the device into the brain of a non-human primate (NHP) enabled long-term recordings of local field potentials, robust detection of neural biomarkers and real-time cancellation of stimulation artefacts. In a closed-loop stimulation experiment in NHPs, the device modulated movement preparatory activity during a delayed-reach task.
Zhou, A. et al. A wireless and artefact-free 128-channel neuromodulation device for closed-loop stimulation and recording in non-human primates. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 3, 15–26 (2019)
