Abstract
In May 2004, two groundwater wells in Dinwiddie County, Virginia were found to have natural uranium levels either at or above the EPA recommended limit of 30 μg/l. As a result, a stop drinking water advisory was issued until a water treatment system could be installed to remove the uranium. In response to residents' concerns, and uncertainty of exposures, affected individuals were asked to participate in a voluntary epidemiological investigation of uranium uptake and 1-year uranium retention study. This study had two primary objectives: quantification of the uranium load on the participants, as expressed by their urine uranium concentration, and retention after 1 year of no exposure. A first-morning void urine specimen, along with survey information, was collected from 156 participants in May 2004, with a second collection occurring 12 months later of 91 participants. The samples were analyzed for uranium by ICP/MS, pH, creatinine by the Jaffe method, and RBP by LIA after both collections. A reduction of one order of magnitude for the geometric mean urine uranium concentration was observed, from 0.100 μg/g creatinine to 0.011 μg/g creatinine in 1 year. Comparatively, NHANES has reported that the geometric mean for all participants, ages 6 years and older, is 0.008 μg/g creatinine, with the 95th percentile being 0.040 μg/g creatinine. None of the second round specimens showed a urine uranium concentration higher than baseline for an individual.
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Acknowledgements
We thank and appreciate to the Virginia Department of Health for sample collection and assistance in epidemiological analysis of all data collected. Additional guidance in these areas was provided by Steven G Inserra of the National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. We also acknowledge the Catholic University of Louvain, Department of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, for determinations of retinol-binding protein and creatinine. Michael Royster would also like to thank the advisory committee of community residents that provided input into the design and administration of the survey, and the collection and reporting of urinary samples to the community as a whole. This committee included Ken Burchett, Frankie Franck, Betty Haney, Jack Huett, Susan Huett, Eva O'Conner, and Calvin Robb.
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Wyatt, S., Reitz, L., Croley, T. et al. Biological monitoring of uranium exposure in south central Virginia. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18, 59–75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500616
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500616
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