Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Research Article
  • Published:

Modeling framework for human exposure assessment

Abstract

We are at the dawn of a new era of quantitative consumer exposure and risk assessment of chemicals driven by regulatory mandates. This remarkable development also signals the beginning of a dramatic resurgence in the need for and development of human exposure models. This paper presents some of the philosophical background underlying exposure modeling in the context of human health risk assessment. The basic types of and structure of inhalation exposure models are discussed, as well as the research needed to move us forward into this exciting new period of development.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Brief R.S. A simple way to determine air contaminants. Air Eng 1960: 2: 39–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carslaw H.S., and Jaeger J.C. Conduction of Heat in Solids, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, London, 1959, pp. 260–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbacher M.C., and Hummel A.A. Evaluation of the mass balance model used by the Environmental Protection Agency for estimating inhalation exposure to new chemical substances. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1996: 57: 526–536.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas H.B., and Newton R.F. Correction of boiling points to standard pressure. In: Weast RC (ed) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 59th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1978, p. D-228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayjock M.A. Modeling Inhalation Exposure. Chapter 8 In: The Occupational Environment – Its Evaluation and Control. Chap. 8. American Industrial Hygiene Association: Fairfax, VA, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayjock M.A., Price P.S., Chaisson C.F., Mathis E.T., and Tedder D.R., “Evaluation of the Capabilities of PROMISE©, ConsExpo and MCCEM Exposure Models for Conducting Consumer and Institutional Scenario-Based Exposure Assessments”, presented at Global Net on “CONSUMER EXPOSURE MODELLING” Workshop on Consumer Model Inter-comparison (Phase I) 26–27 October 2004, Ispra, Italy (Commission of the European Communities — Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection.

  • Jayjock M.A., Chaisson C.F., Franklin C.A., and Price P.S., Using publicly available information to create exposure and risk-based ranking of chemicals used in the workplace and consumer products (in draft) 2007.

  • JRC. Source Characterization and Transport and Fate Source, 20 and 21 June 2005, workshop proceedings. European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit in Intra (Italy) Available at http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pce/documentation/eur_reports/Global%20CEM%20Net%20Workshop%202%20SOURCES.pdf.Accessed 12 February 2007.

  • Keil C.B. Eddy diffusivity modeling. In: Keil K.B. (Ed.). Mathematical Models for Estimating Occupational Exposure to Chemicals. American Industrial Hygiene Press, Fairfax, VA, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyman W.J., Reehl W.F., and Rosenblat D.H. Handbook of chemical property estimation methods, Chapters 11, 14 and 15. McGraw Hill, New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulhausen J.R. “Interpreting Monitoring Data: Are We Making the Right Judgments ?”, presented at the Professional Conference of Industrial Hygiene. Denver, CO, 2005.

  • Mulhausen J.R. “Exposure Judgments: Continuously Improving Accuracy Using the AIHA Strategy with its Exposure Control Banding Approach”, in Roundtable RT 233 at the AIHCE, Chicago, 2006.

  • Price P.S., Young J.S., and Chaisson C.F. Assessing aggregate and cumulative pesticide risks using a Probabilistic Model. Ann Occup Hyg 2001: 45 (1001): S131–S142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roach S.A. On the role of turbulent diffusion in ventilation. Ann Occup Hyg 1981: 24 (1): 105–132.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheff P.A., Friedman R.L., Franke J.E., Conroy L.M., and Wadden R.A. Source activity modeling of Freon emissions from open-top vapor degreasers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1992: 7: 127–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks L.E., Tichenor B.A., Chang J., and Guo Z. Gas-Phase Mass Transfer Model for predicting volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates from indoor pollutant sources. Indoor Air 1996: 6 (1): 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tichenor B.A., Guo Z., Dunn J.E., Sparks L.E., and Mason M.A. The interaction of vapor phase organic compounds with indoor sinks. Indoor Air 1991: 1: 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Environmental Protection Agency “A Manual for the Preparation of engineering Assessment.” [Unpublished draft] Chemical Engineering Branch, Economics and Technology Division, September 1984.

  • US Environmental Protection Agency Human Health Research Program Review: A Report of the US EPA Science Advisory Board, Final Report of the Subcommitee on Human Health, EPA Office of Research and Development, May 18, 2005 revised July 18, 2006, Available http://www.epa.gov/osp/bosc/pdf/hh0507rpt.pdf.Accessed 12 February, 2007.

  • Wadden R.A., Hawkins J.L., Scheff P.A., and Franke J.E. Characterization of emission factors related to source activity for trichloroethylene degreasing and chrome plating processes. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1991: 52 (9): 349–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadden R.A., Scheff P.A., and Franke J.E. Emission factors from trichloroethylene vapor degreasers. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1989: 50: 496–500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael A Jayjock.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jayjock, M., Chaisson, C., Arnold, S. et al. Modeling framework for human exposure assessment. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17 (Suppl 1), S81–S89 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500580

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500580

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links