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Perspiration increased human pesticide absorption following surface contact during an indoor scripted activity program

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 14, pages 129–136 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

Homeowners and professional applicators frequently use chemicals to control insect pests in urban environments. The identification and evaluation of determinants of human exposure are critical to conduct reliable and responsible human exposure assessments following indoor residential chemical applications. The effect of sweat on absorbed dose in humans was evaluated with human volunteers who participated in a structured activity program (SAP). Participants (n=20) performed a warm-up exercise to induce light sweating prior to an SAP on chlorpyrifos(cp)-treated nylon carpet. Absorbed daily dosages (ADDs) were calculated using urinary biomonitoring of trichloropyridinol. In two separate exposures, participation in the warm-up exercise prior to the exposure SAP resulted in an increased ADD of CP equivalents by approximately 50%. Measured ADDs averaged 2.8 (SAP 1) and 2.0 (SAP 2) μg CP equivalents/kg/day in volunteers who participated in the warm-up exercise. In participants who rested prior to the exposures, ADDs were significantly lower at 1.9 (SAP 1) and 1.3 (SAP 2) μg CP equivalents/kg/day. Perspiration may also be a determinant of exposure in active children and field workers. Measured ADDs were less than estimates of ADD made from environmental measurements including CP deposition, the California roller, and clothing dosimeters worn by participants.

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Acknowledgements

The California Strawberry Commission and various donors have supported our research program through unrestricted grants-in-aid. Kelly Tyson directed the Jazzercise® activities, Marcella Oliver assisted with sample collection and study organization, Xiaofei Zhang helped recruit and organize participants and Anasthasia Krieger is thanked for her general assistance with the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Personal Chemical Exposure Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521, California, USA

    Ryan L Williams & Robert I Krieger

  2. Pacific Toxicology Laboratories, Chatsworth, 91367, California, USA

    Linda S Aston

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  1. Ryan L Williams
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Correspondence to Robert I Krieger.

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Williams, R., Aston, L. & Krieger, R. Perspiration increased human pesticide absorption following surface contact during an indoor scripted activity program. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 14, 129–136 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500301

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