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Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Journal of Perinatology volume 27, pages 428–433 (2007)Cite this article

A Corrigendum to this article was published on 22 November 2007

Abstract

Background:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Human milk (HM) feeding has been associated with lower risk of NEC. However, mothers of VLBW infants often experience insufficient milk production, resulting in mixed feedings of HM and formula. Moreover, medical complications often limit the volume of feeding they can be given.

Objective:

To determine if high proportions of (50% or greater) HM enteral feeding within the first 14 days of life are protective against NEC.

Method:

This was a prospective cohort study of VLBW infants who were grouped according to the HM proportion of enteral feeding in the first 14 days: <50% (low human milk, LHM, n=46) and ⩾50% (high human milk, HHM, n=156). The outcome of interest was development of NEC (Bell stage 2 or 3). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and to assess potential confounding due to perinatal risk factors.

Result:

Two hundred and two infants were studied. Confirmed NEC occurred in 5/46 (10.6%) of the LHM group, as compared with 5/156 (3.2%) of the HHM. Gestational age was the only perinatal factor associated with risk of NEC. After adjustment for gestational age, HHM was associated with a lower risk of NEC ((OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.68), P=0.01).

Conclusion:

Enteral feeding containing at least 50% HM in the first 14 days of life was associated with a sixfold decrease in the odds of NEC.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the mothers and infants who participated in the study. We also thank Mary Showalter, IBCLC, for recruitment and lactation counseling, and the research assistants from the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro for data collection. This study was supported by International Lactation Consultant's Association, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Wake Forest University School of Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    P M Sisk, R G Dillard & T M O'Shea

  2. Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA

    C A Lovelady

  3. School of Environmental Science, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA

    K J Gruber

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  1. P M Sisk
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  2. C A Lovelady
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  3. R G Dillard
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  4. K J Gruber
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  5. T M O'Shea
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Correspondence to P M Sisk.

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Sisk, P., Lovelady, C., Dillard, R. et al. Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 27, 428–433 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7211758

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Keywords

  • prematurity
  • very low birth weight

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