I read with great interest the article by Kamalarajah et al1 on ‘Surveillance of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in the UK’. The authors deserve to be congratulated for the good effort. There are certain points that I would like to mention to supplement their observations.
-
1
The importance of formation of a national registry for endophthalmitis is increasingly being recognized in India, as well.2 The factors hampering this in our country are the presence of only a few institutes with a established protocol and the excess of private practitioners that prevent the introduction of uniformity in management and reporting. Such a registry would help in establishment of a standard of care in endophthalmitis as well as fuel research on ideal region-specific antimicrobial agents.
-
2
Although the role of Diabetes mellitus in the occurrence of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) is not clear at present, its incidence ought to have been mentioned in this study. In a series from India, diabetic eyes with PIE had a significantly worse outcome than nondiabetic eyes.3 The endophthalmitis–vitrectomy study (EVS) too found a difference between diabetic and nondiabetic eyes with PIE in the form of a higher rate of culture-positivity in the former.4
-
3
It is highly surprising that a virulent organism such as Pseudomonas was cultured from the anterior chamber aspirate and not the vitreous in three cases! The anterior chamber has a better ability to contain infection than the vitreous, mainly due to the phagocytic capability of the iris endothelial cells.5 Hence, culture-positivity from an aqueous aspirate denotes overwhelming infection and the vitreous sample must test positive as well. Although the authors have quoted similar observations in another publication, the possibility of contamination from the conjunctival flora during sample collection or in the lab during sample processing must be ruled out.
-
4
It is indeed significant that in this series of cases from entire UK, there was not a single case of PIE due to fungi! Another study from the UK by Heaven et al,6 too reported a nil incidence of fungal PIE. This however, is not the Indian experience, where fungi are being increasingly isolated even in cases of acute PIE.3, 7, 8 Although it is possible that this difference could be attributed to tropical climate, factors such as differences in inclusion criteria or random variation could also play a role. Knowledge of the susceptibility of the ocular isolates in this series would also be of great interest to see for any similar geographic variation in microbial resistance.
-
5
The authors have noted that despite the EVS providing evidence of the lack of benefit of systemic antibiotics in PIE, 65% of the patients in the series did receive them. In this context, I would like to point out that the EVS did not test the efficacy of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones that have a good intravitreal penetration.9 We do administer systemic antibiotics such as oral ciprofloxacin to the PIE cases at our institute. This may be expected to have a synergistic effect with the intravitreal antibiotic such as vancomycin, which would be all the more important considering that there is no assistance from the body's immune system in combating intraocular infection.10
References
Kamalarajah S, Silvestri G, Sharma N, Khan A, Foot B, Ling R et al. Surveillance of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in the UK. Eye 2004; 18: 580–587.
Das T . National endophthalmitis survey. Ind J Ophthalmol 2003; 51: 117–118.
Gupta A, Gupta V, Gupta A, Dogra MR, Pandav SS, Ray P et al. Spectrum and clinical profile of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis in north India. Ind J Ophthalmol 2003; 51: 139–145.
Johnson MW, Doft BH, Kelsey SF, Barza M, Wilson LA, Barr CC et al. The endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Relationship between clinical presentation and microbiologic spectrum. Ophthalmology 1997; 104: 261–272.
Maylath FR, Leopald IH . Study of experimental intraocular infection. Am J Ophthalmol 1955; 40: 86–101.
Heaven CJ, Mann PJ, Boase DL . Endophthalmitis following extracapsular cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 1992; 76: 419–423.
Anand AR, Therese KL, Madhavan HN . Spectrum of aetiological agents of postoperative endophthalmitis and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates. Indian J Ophthalmol 2000; 48: 123–128.
Kunimoto DY, Das T, Sharma S, Jalali S, Majji AB, Gopinathan U, et al and the Endophthalmitis Research Group. Microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility of isolates: Part I. Post operative endophthalmitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1999; 128: 240–242.
Keren G, Alhalel A, Bartov E, Kitzes-Cohen R, Rubinstein E, Segey S et al. The intravitreal penetration of orally administered ciprofloxacin in humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991; 32: 2388–2392.
Vedantham V . Ciprofloxacin in endophthalmitis: an emerging alternative. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 1167–1168.
Acknowledgements
Financial interest: None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vedantham, V. Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Eye 19, 1219–1220 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6701723
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6701723