The idea of two sexes is simplistic. Biologists now think there is a wider spectrum than that.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
No Such Thing as Free Speech? Performativity, Free Speech, and Academic Freedom in the UK
Law and Critique Open Access 17 January 2024
-
Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review, frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression
World Journal of Pediatrics Open Access 27 November 2023
-
Support for affirmative actions to increase inclusivity of intersex* persons at an Austrian medical university
BMC Medical Education Open Access 03 November 2023
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
James, P. A., Rose, K., Francis, D. & Norris, F. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 155, 2484–2488 (2011).
Arboleda, V. A., Sandberg, D. E. & Vilain, E. Nature Rev. Endocrinol. 10, 603–615 (2014).
Sinclair, A. H. et al. Nature 346, 240–244 (1990).
Berta, P. et al. Nature 348, 448–450 (1990).
Jordan, B. K. et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68, 1102–1109 (2001).
Tomaselli, S. et al. PLoS ONE 6, e16366 (2011).
Uhlenhaut, N. H. et al. Cell 139, 1130–1142 (2009).
Matson, C. K. et al. Nature 476, 101–104 (2011).
Hughes, I. A., Houk, C., Ahmed, S. F., Lee, P. A. & LWPES1/ESPE2 Consensus Group Arch. Dis. Child. 91, 554–563 (2006).
El-Khairi, R. & Achermann, J. C. Semin. Reprod. Med. 30, 374–381 (2012).
Sherwani, A. Y. et al. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 5, 1285–1287 (2014).
Tachon, G. et al. Hum. Reprod. 29, 2814–2820 (2014).
Bianchi, D. W., Zickwolf, G. K., Weil, G. J., Sylvester, S. & DeMaria, M. A. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 705–708 (1996).
Maloney, S. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 104, 41–47 (1999).
Chan, W. F. N. et al. PLoS ONE 7, e45592 (2012).
Zeng, X. X. et al. Stem Cells Dev. 19, 1819–1830 (2010.
Link, J. C., Chen, X., Arnold, A. P. & Reue, K. Adipocyte 2, 74–79 (2013).
Penaloza, C. et al. FASEB J. 23, 1869–1879 (2009).
Warne, G. L. Sex Dev. 2, 268–277 (2008).
Baxter, R. M. et al. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, E333–E344 (2014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Related links
Related links
Related links in Nature Research
Diversity: Pride in science 2014-Sep-16
Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies 2014-May-14
Ethics: Taboo genetics 2013-Oct-02
Intersex surgery disregards children's human rights 2004-Apr-15
Brain development: The most important sexual organ 2004-Jan-29
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ainsworth, C. Sex redefined. Nature 518, 288–291 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/518288a
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/518288a
This article is cited by
-
Geschlechter- und Diskriminierungssensibilität in der ärztlichen Praxis
Die Gynäkologie (2024)
-
No Such Thing as Free Speech? Performativity, Free Speech, and Academic Freedom in the UK
Law and Critique (2024)
-
Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review, frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression
World Journal of Pediatrics (2024)
-
Support for affirmative actions to increase inclusivity of intersex* persons at an Austrian medical university
BMC Medical Education (2023)