COUNTRY COLLABORATIONS

The diagram shows the leading countries by WFC, along with the distribution of their subject strengths and the proportion of their WFC derived from collaborations with mainland China. In the centre, the size and proportion of China's WFC and subject strengths are also shown. Note, this diagram shows all instances of bilateral connections, therefore papers that involve collaborators from more than one country will be double-counted for China.

China's WFC

Total: 5,206 China-only papers: 4,051 International collaborations: 1,155

CITY STORY

The ten leading cities by WFC are shown for mainland China. The solid bubbles are scaled to the combined WFC for all the city's research institutions, including the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Shown for comparison are the WFCs without the CAS institutes (circle outlines). For an analysis of CAS, see page S56.

INTERCITY COLLABORATIONS

Shown are WFC scores from all the papers that involve collaborations between institutions in the top ten cities. Papers that are written entirely by researchers from one institution are excluded.