Protein folding is a high-stakes process, with cell dysfunction and death being the unforgiving penalties for failure. Work in bacteria hints that organisms manage this process beyond the boundaries of the cytoplasm — and even the cell.
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Powers, E., Balch, W. Protection from the outside. Nature 471, 42–43 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/471042a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/471042a
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