State-of-the-art technology has allowed pulses of the neurotransmitter dopamine to be measured on a subsecond timescale in the brains of rats. It seems that dopamine both precedes and follows the pursuit of rewards.
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Self, D. Dopamine as chicken and egg. Nature 422, 573–574 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/422573a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/422573a
