Abstract
Disturbances of events associated with intracellular signaling pathways have been suspected of involvement in the development or progression of affective disorders. Often, heterotrimeric G proteins are located at the beginning of these pathways as modulators of extracellular messages. For this reason, messenger RNA expression of three G protein α-subunits and of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 K) regulatory subunit p85 was examined in granulocytes from patients with bipolar or unipolar affective disorder and compared to healthy controls. Messenger RNA expression of the G protein subunit αq and of p85 was identical in unipolar and bipolar patients and in controls. Furthermore, mRNAs of G protein subunits αs and αi2 were not different in unipolar patients as compared to healthy controls. Alphas mRNA, however, was markedly increased in bipolar patients. This increase was observed in lithium-treated (more than 12 months) and in unmedicated patients. Elevated levels of αi2 mRNA in unmedicated bipolar patients did not reach statistical significance, whereas mRNA in bipolar patients receiving lithium was significantly above controls. Finally, long-term medication of unipolar patients with lithium had no influence on αi2 mRNA levels. The data reveal elevated mRNA levels of Gαs as a robust feature of bipolar affective disorder. Moreover, despite responsiveness of αi2 gene expression to cAMP-related events, no substantial upregulation of αi2 mRNA was observed in bipolar patients. The lack of αi2 mRNA upregulation, hence, could be an additional abnormality in these patients. Even though lithium was able to reinstate this upregulation, there was no feedback downregulation of αs. This strongly supports the notion of major disturbances of the cAMP signaling system in bipolar illness.
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Spleiss, O., van Calker, D., Schärer, L. et al. Abnormal G protein αs- and αi2-subunit mRNA expression in bipolar affective disorder. Mol Psychiatry 3, 512–520 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000393
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000393
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